ATI RN
Questions on the Endocrine System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The endocrine gland that is formed from two different germ layers is the:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The pituitary forms from two germ layers: adenohypophysis from ectodermal oral epithelium (Rathke's pouch) and neurohypophysis from neural ectoderm (brain floor), integrating glandular and neural functions. Ovary and testis (gonads) derive from mesoderm and endoderm (germinal epithelium), not dual-layered uniquely. Thyroid arises from endoderm (pharyngeal floor), a single layer. Pituitary's dual origin enables diverse hormone production/storage, distinguishing it, critical for its hypothalamic-pituitary axis role.
Question 2 of 5
The hormone that is released from the anterior pituitary and stimulates the development of the seminiferous tubules of the testes is called:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary stimulates seminiferous tubule development in testes, promoting spermatogenesis. Prolactin aids lactation, not testes. ACTH targets adrenals for cortisol. LH stimulates testosterone from Leydig cells, not tubules directly. FSH's specific role in sperm production distinguishes it, essential for male fertility, unlike other pituitary hormones' functions.
Question 3 of 5
Choose the true statement(s) about a person with type I (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Type I diabetes features little/no insulin secretion due to beta-cell destruction, causing hyperglycemia, ketoacidosis, and dehydration without insulin therapy diet alone doesn't suffice. 'Dietary treatment may suffice' fits type II, not I. Hyperglycemia and ketoacidosis are true but incomplete alone. 'All' includes the false diet claim. Insulin absence distinguishes type I, requiring exogenous insulin, key to its autoimmune pathology, unlike manageable or partial truths.
Question 4 of 5
A client with hypertension (high blood pressure) is having several tests to evaluate renal function. The client asks the nurse about the relationship between the kidney and high blood pressure. What information should the nurse include when teaching this client?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidneys regulate blood pressure via the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS): low pressure prompts renin release, triggering angiotensin II formation, which stimulates adrenal aldosterone secretion, raising blood volume and pressure via sodium retention. Cortisol, ACTH-driven, isn't renin-responsive. ADH responds to osmolarity or low volume, not high urine output directly it conserves water. No relationship ignores RAAS's critical link. Aldosterone's renin-driven action distinguishes it, key to hypertension's renal basis.
Question 5 of 5
A student is in a car accident, and although not hurt, immediately experiences pupil dilation, increased heart rate, and rapid breathing. What type of endocrine system stimulus did the student receive?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The rapid pupil dilation, heart rate increase, and breathing surge post-accident reflect the adrenal medulla's catecholamine release (epinephrine, norepinephrine), triggered by sympathetic nerve signals a neural stimulus. Humoral stimuli (e.g., blood ion changes) and hormonal stimuli (e.g., pituitary signals) are slower, and positive feedback (e.g., oxytocin in labor) amplifies responses. Neural activation's speed distinguishes it, critical for fight-or-flight responses in acute stress.