The emergency response team responded to a terrorist attack where hundreds of people died following symptoms of chest tightness, palpations, seizures, and finally paralysis. A colorless odorless liquid known as Sarin (GB) was the agent, which is primarily inhaled with limited exposure through the skin. The concentration of Sarin has not been measured. What level is the minimum level of personal protection and safety equipment (PPE) that would be needed?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Level B. In a scenario involving Sarin, a highly toxic nerve agent primarily inhaled, Level B protective equipment is required. Level B PPE includes a chemical-resistant suit, chemical-resistant gloves, chemical-resistant boots, and a full-face respirator with appropriate filter cartridges. The choice of Level B is based on the fact that Sarin is primarily inhaled, indicating the need for respiratory protection. Level A is typically used for the highest level of protection, including protection against highly toxic chemicals in both the air and on the skin, which is not necessary in this scenario. Level C and D do not provide adequate protection against a highly toxic chemical like Sarin.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clara Maas. Clara Maas died after deliberately acquiring two bites from yellow fever carrier mosquitoes to provide care during the Spanish-American War. This is correct because Clara Maas was a real historical figure known for her selfless dedication to nursing and her sacrifice to help others. Florence Nightingale (A) is renowned for her work in nursing during the Crimean War, but she did not die from acquiring yellow fever. Margaret Hoolihan (B) and Sairy Gamp (D) are fictional characters and not relevant to the historical context of the Spanish-American War.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: X-ray technicians. Internal customers refer to individuals or departments within the same organization who rely on each other's services to fulfill their roles effectively. X-ray technicians work within the healthcare facility and depend on other staff like nurses for patient care coordination. Insurance companies (A) and accreditors (B) are external entities. Clinical pharmacists (D) are also internal, but X-ray technicians have a direct service-dependency relationship with nurses in healthcare settings, making them the most relevant internal customers in this context.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because developing a 5-year plan that incorporates the clinical nurse leader aligns with strategic planning, which involves setting long-term goals and outlining strategies to achieve them. This action demonstrates forward-thinking and aligns with the organization's overall vision. A: Ensuring nurses understand organizational philosophy is important but does not specifically relate to strategic planning. B: Evaluating communication processes is more operational or tactical in nature, not directly tied to long-term strategic planning. C: Monitoring data from a quality management initiative is important for quality improvement but does not directly relate to future planning and strategy development.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Drag-and-drop item, comprehension. This question requires the nurse to demonstrate understanding of the correct sequence for applying sterile gloves. The drag-and-drop format assesses the ability to organize steps in a specific order, which falls under the comprehension level of Bloom's taxonomy, where the individual is required to understand the information provided. The other choices are incorrect because: B: Chart/exhibit item, analysis - This choice involves interpreting data or information presented in a chart or exhibit, which is not the case in this question. C: Multiple-response, application - This choice requires selecting multiple correct responses to a scenario, which is not the format of this question. D: Hot-spot item, knowledge - This choice involves identifying a specific area or point on an image, which is not relevant to the question about the correct sequence for applying sterile gloves.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct order is to first open the outer package to access the inner package containing the gloves. This ensures that the gloves remain sterile until they are needed. Opening the inner package first would expose the gloves to potential contamination. Putting on the gloves should be done after opening the inner package, starting with the nondominant hand to prevent contamination. Adjusting the gloves carefully should be the final step after both gloves are on to ensure a proper fit. Therefore, choice A is correct as it establishes the correct sequence for maintaining sterility throughout the process.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because autonomy in palliative care emphasizes the patient's right to make decisions about their own care. By helping the patient decide on the details of their advanced plan of care, healthcare providers respect the patient's autonomy and ensure their preferences guide the care provided. Arranging in-home health care (A) may be beneficial, but it does not directly support the patient's autonomy. Addressing pain management needs (B) is important but does not specifically relate to decision-making autonomy. Conducting a performance status screening (D) is relevant for assessing the patient's overall health but does not directly support their autonomy in decision-making.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: delegation of client care tasks. A team leader nurse can be held negligent for improper delegation as they are responsible for assigning tasks to appropriate staff ensuring safe and effective care. This is crucial for patient safety. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because inadequate training, lack of policies, and failure to discipline unsafe workers are not directly related to the nurse's role in delegation and immediate patient care responsibilities.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: A is correct as paper-and-pencil records can physically track who accessed them, ensuring privacy and security. B is incorrect as computer-based records can also be detailed. C is irrelevant to the comparison. D is incorrect as signing for each item is not a standard practice in computer-based records.