ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The electroencephalographic (EEG) of an 8-year-old girl revealed generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave activity. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Generalized 3-Hz spike-and-wave on EEG indicatabsence seizure , per ILAE, common in childhood absence epilepsy, with brief staring spells. Atypical absence has slower (<2.5 Hz) waves; benign childhood focal spikes; aphasia language loss; West hypsarrhythmia. Classic EEG pattern makes D the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
Cranial nerve variant of Guillain-Barré syndrome is called Miller Fisher variant; it is manifested with
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Miller Fisher variant of Guillain-Barré presents with ataxia, ophthalmoplegia, and areflexia, per neurology, from anti-GQ1b antibodies. Flaccidity (B-C), sensory loss (B, D-E), and urinary retention (C-D) are atypical. Triad specificity makes A the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
A 9-year-old child has repeated history of variable ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and facial weakness. There is also an associated dysphagia and extremity weakness. Of the following, the distinguished feature of this disease from other neuromuscular disorders is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid fatigue over the day distinguishjuvenile myasthenia gravis, per neurology, from variable ptosis , diplopia , or ophthalmoplegia , which overlap with others. Fatigue reflects antibody-mediated junction block, making D the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
The MOST common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia, per pediatrics, from trisomy 21 affecting muscle tone (~1/700 births). Laxity and Ehlers-Danlos are rarer; benign hypotonia nonspecific; adrenal leukodystrophy progressive. Prevalence makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following is a cause of dystonia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kernicterus causdystonia, per pediatrics, from bilirubin damaging basal ganglia. Drug-induced , tardive dyskinesia , and HIE also cause it; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher spasticity. Kernicteruss neonatal relevance makes A the correct answer.