The effects of sympathomimetics on blood pressure are associated with their effects on:

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: All of the above. Sympathomimetics, such as adrenaline or epinephrine, stimulate the sympathetic nervous system, leading to increased heart rate (A), vasoconstriction in the peripheral blood vessels (B), and increased venous return to the heart (C). These effects collectively contribute to an increase in blood pressure. Therefore, all three options are correct as sympathomimetics impact the heart, peripheral resistance, and venous return to regulate blood pressure.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Phenobarbital is absorbed slowly due to its high lipid solubility, leading to a delayed onset of action. It has a long half-life and is metabolized in the liver. Flurazepam, Triazolam, and Temazepam are absorbed more rapidly and have shorter durations of action compared to Phenobarbital. Flurazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine, while Triazolam and Temazepam have intermediate durations of action. Therefore, the correct answer is A (Phenobarbital) because of its slow absorption compared to the other choices.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Phenytoin is known to cause gingival hyperplasia. 2. This adverse effect is dose-related, meaning it occurs more frequently with higher doses. 3. Gingival hyperplasia is characterized by overgrowth of gum tissue. 4. It is not associated with physical or psychological dependence, exacerbated seizures, or extrapyramidal symptoms. Summary: Choice A is incorrect as phenytoin does not cause dependence. Choice B is incorrect as phenytoin does not worsen seizures. Choice D is incorrect as extrapyramidal symptoms are not typically caused by phenytoin.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Rationale: 1. Carbidopa inhibits the peripheral metabolism of levodopa, leading to increased levodopa blood levels and prolonged half-life. 2. By enhancing levodopa bioavailability, carbidopa allows for a significant reduction in levodopa dose, minimizing toxic effects. 3. Carbidopa also reduces the latency period before beneficial effects occur. Therefore, the correct answer is D, as all statements are true and supported by pharmacological principles. Other choices are incorrect as they do not encompass the comprehensive effects of combining carbidopa and levodopa.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Coma, depressed respiration, and miosis. In opioid overdosage, coma occurs due to central nervous system depression, depressed respiration is a result of respiratory center suppression, and miosis is a classic sign of opioid toxicity due to the activation of the parasympathetic nervous system. Mydriasis (pupil dilation) is not a common feature in opioid overdosage. Chills and abdominal cramps are more indicative of opioid withdrawal rather than overdose. Tremor and vomiting are not typically part of the diagnostic triad of opioid overdosage.