ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Questions
Question 1 of 5
The ECF volume and osmolarity are regulated primarily by the kidneys.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The extracellular fluid (ECF) volume and osmolarity are indeed primarily regulated by the kidneys. The kidneys control water and electrolyte balance in the body, adjusting urine concentration to maintain ECF volume and osmolarity within a narrow range. They regulate the reabsorption and excretion of water and electrolytes in response to hormonal signals and the body's needs. The other choices are incorrect as they do not provide any relevant information or explanation.
Question 2 of 5
H CO is a weaker acid than HCl because it dissociates faster. 2 3
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. The strength of an acid is determined by its tendency to donate protons, not by the speed of dissociation. HCl is a stronger acid than HCO3- because it completely dissociates into H+ and Cl- ions in water, while HCO3- only partially dissociates into H+ and HCO3- ions. Therefore, the statement that HCO3- is a weaker acid than HCl because it dissociates faster is incorrect. Choice A is incorrect because it does not consider the fundamental concept of acid strength. Choices C and D are not relevant to the question.
Question 3 of 5
Activity of the body's enzymes is affected only by acidosis.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Enzymes can be affected by various factors, not just acidosis. Enzyme activity can be influenced by pH, temperature, substrate concentration, and enzyme concentration. Acidosis, which is a condition of increased acidity in the blood and body tissues, can certainly affect enzyme activity, but it is not the only factor. Therefore, stating that enzyme activity is affected only by acidosis is incorrect. Choices A, C, and D are not the correct answer because they do not accurately reflect the relationship between enzyme activity and acidosis.
Question 4 of 5
The respiratory system can only partially counteract any deviations in body pH.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: TRUE. The respiratory system plays a crucial role in regulating the body's pH by controlling the levels of carbon dioxide in the blood through respiration. However, it can only partially counteract deviations in body pH because it cannot rapidly adjust to extreme changes. Other choices (B, C, D) are incorrect because the respiratory system does have a role in pH regulation, even though it is not the only system involved.
Question 5 of 5
During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing becomes slower and shallower.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. During respiratory compensation for metabolic alkalosis, breathing actually becomes faster and deeper to expel excess carbon dioxide and increase blood pH. Slower and shallower breathing would exacerbate alkalosis by retaining more CO2. Choice A is incorrect because it contradicts the physiological response to metabolic alkalosis. Choices C and D are not applicable since they do not provide any useful information regarding the question.