ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The earliest sign of congestive heart failure on chest X-ray is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cardiomegaly (increased heart size) is often the earliest radiographic sign of congestive heart failure, preceding pulmonary congestion and edema.
Question 2 of 5
pH 7.14, PaCO2 80 mm Hg, HCO3 24 mmol/L, and PaO2 60 mm Hg. How would you interpret this
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Low pH (acidosis) with high PaCO2 and normal HCO3 indicates uncompensated respiratory acidosis due to hypoventilation.
Question 3 of 5
One of the following causes of anemia is associated with macrocytosis:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Folic acid deficiency causes macrocytic anemia due to impaired DNA synthesis, leading to the production of large, immature red blood cells.
Question 4 of 5
The risk of developing infective endocarditis is the least in a patient with
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A large atrial septal defect has low turbulence and pressure gradients, making it less likely to develop infective endocarditis compared to high-pressure lesions such as VSDs or valvular regurgitations.
Question 5 of 5
By what age does the posterior fontanel usually close?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because the bones surrounding the posterior fontanel typically fuse and close by age 6 to 8 weeks. This closure is a normal part of infant development.