ATI RN
Pediatric Neurology Test Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The duration of anticonvulsant treatment variaccording to seizure type and epilepsy syndrome. For most children, anticonvulsant medications can be weaned off after 2 years without seizures. Of the following, the condition that usually require treatment for life is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME) often requirlifelong treatment, per ILAE, with high relapse (>80%) off medication due to genetic myoclonic susceptibility. Simple and complex partial may remit; spasms resolve; Landau-Kleffner variable. JMpersistence makes C the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
A 9-year-old child has repeated history of variable ptosis, diplopia, ophthalmoplegia, and facial weakness. There is also an associated dysphagia and extremity weakness. Of the following, the distinguished feature of this disease from other neuromuscular disorders is
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rapid fatigue over the day distinguishjuvenile myasthenia gravis, per neurology, from variable ptosis , diplopia , or ophthalmoplegia , which overlap with others. Fatigue reflects antibody-mediated junction block, making D the correct answer.
Question 3 of 5
The MOST common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of neonatal hypotonia, per pediatrics, from trisomy 21 affecting muscle tone (~1/700 births). Laxity and Ehlers-Danlos are rarer; benign hypotonia nonspecific; adrenal leukodystrophy progressive. Prevalence makes A the correct answer.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following is a cause of dystonia?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kernicterus causdystonia, per pediatrics, from bilirubin damaging basal ganglia. Drug-induced , tardive dyskinesia , and HIE also cause it; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher spasticity. Kernicteruss neonatal relevance makes A the correct answer.
Question 5 of 5
A 4-year-old boy presented to ER with depressed consciousness and focal neurologic deficits, following head injury. Head CT findings shows multifocal low-density areas with punctate hemorrhages. Of the following, the MOST likely diagnosis is
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Brain contusion fits depressed consciousness, focal deficits, and CT showing multifocal low-density areas with punctate hemorrhages, per trauma texts, from cortical bruising. Subdural and epidural are extra-axial; SAH CSF blood; intraparenchymal larger bleeds. Contusions pattern makes C the correct answer.