The drug of choice for vaginal trichomoniasis in a non-pregnant woman is:

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Metronidazole. Metronidazole is the drug of choice for vaginal trichomoniasis in non-pregnant women due to its high effectiveness against the protozoan parasite Trichomonas vaginalis. Metronidazole works by disrupting the DNA structure of the parasite, leading to its death. It is well-absorbed when taken orally and has good tissue penetration, making it an ideal choice for treating this infection. Option A) Ofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone antibiotic that is not typically used to treat trichomoniasis. It is more commonly used for bacterial infections. Option B) Co-trimoxazole is a combination of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, primarily used for bacterial infections. It is not effective against protozoan infections like trichomoniasis. Option D) Amoxicillin is a penicillin antibiotic used for bacterial infections. It does not have any activity against protozoa like Trichomonas vaginalis. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind the choice of metronidazole for treating vaginal trichomoniasis is crucial for nursing students preparing for the NCLEX exam. It reinforces the importance of selecting the appropriate drug based on the specific pathogen causing the infection. Additionally, this knowledge helps in providing safe and effective care to patients by ensuring they receive the most appropriate treatment for their condition.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Chloramphenicol. Grey baby syndrome is a rare but serious side effect associated with the use of chloramphenicol in newborns and infants. Chloramphenicol can inhibit mitochondrial protein synthesis, leading to toxicity in young infants who have immature liver function, causing a grayish discoloration of the skin, poor feeding, hypothermia, and a gray-colored appearance. A) Clindamycin is not associated with grey baby syndrome. It is a lincosamide antibiotic commonly used to treat various bacterial infections. C) Tetracycline can cause tooth discoloration and inhibit bone growth in fetuses and young children but is not linked to grey baby syndrome. D) Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic with a different side effect profile and is not known to cause grey baby syndrome. Educationally, understanding the side effects and complications of chemotherapy drugs is crucial for nurses and healthcare professionals administering these medications. Recognizing the specific adverse effects associated with each drug can help prevent serious complications and ensure safe patient care. It is important to be vigilant in monitoring patients for any signs of toxicity or adverse reactions when administering chemotherapy drugs to prevent harm and promote positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this NCLEX question on chemotherapy drugs, the correct answer is D) Clarithromycin. Clarithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic and does not have cross-sensitivity with penicillin. This is because macrolides have a different chemical structure compared to penicillins, making cross-reactivity less likely. A) Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin antibiotic that can have cross-sensitivity with penicillin due to their similar beta-lactam ring structure. B) Imipenem is a carbapenem antibiotic that can also have cross-sensitivity with penicillin as it belongs to the beta-lactam antibiotic class. C) Unasyn is a combination antibiotic containing ampicillin and sulbactam. Ampicillin is a penicillin derivative, so cross-sensitivity with other penicillins is possible. Educationally, understanding cross-sensitivity between different classes of antibiotics is crucial for patient safety and effective treatment. Nurses and healthcare professionals need to be aware of potential allergic reactions and cross-reactivity to avoid adverse outcomes in patients. Clarifying these differences in drug classes helps in making informed decisions during patient care.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Metronidazole is a commonly used antibiotic with activity against anaerobic bacteria and certain parasites. In the context of chemotherapy drugs, it is important to understand its specific uses and limitations. The correct answer is C) Malaria. Metronidazole is not effective in treating malaria as it does not have activity against the Plasmodium species responsible for causing malaria. The drug of choice for treating malaria is typically a combination of antimalarial medications such as artemisinin-based drugs. Option A) Trichomonal vaginitis, Option B) Anaerobic infection, and Option D) Amebiasis are all conditions where metronidazole is effective. It is commonly used to treat trichomoniasis, anaerobic bacterial infections, and amebiasis due to its ability to disrupt the DNA of these microorganisms. In an educational context, understanding the specific indications for chemotherapy drugs like metronidazole is crucial for safe and effective patient care. Nurses and other healthcare professionals need to be well-versed in the appropriate use of these medications to ensure optimal treatment outcomes and prevent the development of drug resistance.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Interferon. Interferon is an antiviral drug that is effective against hepatitis B and C infections. Interferon works by boosting the body's immune response to fight the viruses causing these infections. It is often used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B and C to help reduce viral replication and slow down the progression of the diseases. Option B) Acyclovir is an antiviral drug used to treat herpes infections, not hepatitis B and C. Option C) Amantadine is an antiviral drug used to treat influenza A infections, not hepatitis B and C. Option D) Zidovudine is an antiretroviral drug used to treat HIV infections, not hepatitis B and C. Understanding the correct antiviral drugs for specific infections is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially nurses, who may administer these medications to patients. Knowing the mechanisms of action and indications for each drug helps ensure safe and effective treatment for patients with viral infections. This knowledge is essential for passing the NCLEX exam and providing quality patient care in practice.