ATI RN
Disorders of the Genitourinary System Questions
Question 1 of 5
The drug of choice for treatment and secondary prophylaxis against * cryptococcal meningitis among AIDS patients is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Fluconazole. Fluconazole is the drug of choice for treating and preventing *cryptococcal meningitis in AIDS patients due to its excellent CNS penetration and efficacy. It is preferred over Amphotericin B due to its better safety profile and tolerability. Flucytosine is not used as monotherapy and is often combined with other antifungals. Ketoconazole is not recommended for cryptococcal meningitis due to poor CNS penetration.
Question 2 of 5
Which of the following fungicidal drug that acts by inhibiting fungal squalene * epoxidase enzyme and is the drug of choice for onymycosis of the toe nails in 56 year old woman with diabetes?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: Terbinafine is the correct answer as it inhibits fungal squalene epoxidase, disrupting ergosterol synthesis in the fungal cell membrane. This drug is specifically effective against onychomycosis in diabetic patients due to its fungicidal action and good nail penetration. Griseofulvin (A) targets microtubules, not squalene epoxidase. Itraconazole (C) inhibits ergosterol synthesis via a different mechanism. Amphotericin B (D) disrupts fungal cell membrane by binding to ergosterol, not squalene epoxidase.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following drug used in the treatment of filariasis? *
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diethyl carbamazine is the correct answer for the treatment of filariasis as it is the drug of choice due to its effectiveness in killing microfilariae and adult worms. Diethyl carbamazine directly targets the parasites responsible for filariasis, leading to their death and eventual elimination from the body. Albendazole, Levamisole, and Piperazine are not commonly used for filariasis treatment and are more commonly used for other parasitic infections. Albendazole is more commonly used for helminthic infections, Levamisole for roundworm infections, and Piperazine for pinworm infections.
Question 4 of 5
Which of the following drug that acts by inhibiting HIV protease enzyme? *
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Ritonavir. Ritonavir is a protease inhibitor that works by inhibiting the HIV protease enzyme, which is crucial for viral replication. This action helps prevent the virus from spreading and multiplying in the body. Lamivudine (A), Efavirenz (B), and Stavudine (C) are not protease inhibitors and work through different mechanisms like nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition (Lamivudine and Stavudine) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibition (Efavirenz). Therefore, they do not directly target the HIV protease enzyme like Ritonavir does.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following viruses is most susceptible to acyclovir?: *
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Acyclovir is a nucleoside analog that inhibits viral DNA replication by targeting viral DNA polymerase. Herpes simplex Type 1 virus is most susceptible to acyclovir because it is a DNA virus that requires viral DNA polymerase for replication. The drug is selectively activated by viral thymidine kinase in infected cells, leading to its antiviral activity. Herpes simplex Type 2, Varicella zoster, and other viruses do not possess the same susceptibility to acyclovir due to differences in their replication mechanisms.