ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drug Questions
Question 1 of 5
The drug nalbuphine (Nubain) is an agonist-antagonist (partial agonist). The nurse understands that which is a characteristic of partial agonists?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because partial agonists like nalbuphine have a lower dependency potential than full agonists. This is because partial agonists have a ceiling effect, meaning they reach a maximum level of activity regardless of the dose. This makes them less likely to cause dependence or tolerance compared to full agonists like morphine. Choices A and C are incorrect because partial agonists do not typically have antiinflammatory effects or higher potency than agonists. Choice B is incorrect because partial agonists are not given to reverse the effects of opiates; rather, they may be used for pain management in certain situations.
Question 2 of 5
A patient who has been anticoagulated with warfarin (Coumadin) has been admitted for gastrointestinal bleeding. The history and physical examination indicates that the patient may have taken too much warfarin. The nurse anticipates that the patient will receive which antidote?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: vitamin K. Vitamin K is the antidote for warfarin overdose as it helps in replenishing the depleted clotting factors inhibited by warfarin. Warfarin inhibits the synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors in the liver, leading to increased bleeding risk. Vitamin K administration helps reverse the anticoagulant effects by promoting the production of these clotting factors. A: Vitamin E is not the antidote for warfarin overdose. Vitamin E does not have any direct role in reversing the anticoagulant effects of warfarin. C: Protamine sulfate is the antidote for heparin, not warfarin. It works by neutralizing heparin's anticoagulant effects. D: Potassium chloride is not the antidote for warfarin overdose. It is used to correct potassium imbalances in the body and has no role in reversing anticoagulant effects of warfarin.
Question 3 of 5
A patient has a new order for an ipratropium (Atrovent) inhaler, an anticholinergic drug. The nurse knows to assess for an allergy to which food before giving this drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Peanuts. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic drug, and patients with allergies to peanuts may have a cross-reactivity due to the similarity in protein structure between peanuts and certain anticholinergic medications. Allergies to shellfish (A), soy products (B), and eggs (D) are not directly related to ipratropium and do not pose a significant risk of cross-reactivity. It is important to assess for peanut allergy before administering ipratropium to prevent an allergic reaction in patients with a known peanut allergy.
Question 4 of 5
Biotransformation of the drugs is to render them:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Biotransformation aims to make drugs more polar and water-soluble to facilitate their elimination. This process usually involves adding functional groups to increase polarity, making drugs less lipid-soluble. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choice A is incorrect because ionization is not the primary focus of biotransformation. Choice B is incorrect as increased pharmacological activity is not a goal of biotransformation. Choice C is incorrect because increasing lipid solubility would hinder drug elimination, contrary to the purpose of biotransformation.
Question 5 of 5
The types of antagonism are:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Competitive antagonism occurs when two substances compete for the same receptor. 2. In this type, the antagonist binds to the receptor site, preventing the agonist from binding. 3. This results in a decrease in the response produced by the agonist. 4. Summarized, potentiated, and additive antagonisms do not involve direct competition for the receptor site. 5. Summarized means concise or brief, potentiated means increased effect, and additive means combined effect. 6. Therefore, the correct answer is D (Competitive) as it specifically describes the type of antagonism where substances compete for the same receptor site.