The drug is a blood substitute having haemodynamical activity:

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Polyglucinum. Polyglucinum is a colloid solution that acts as a blood substitute with hemodynamic activity. It is commonly used to expand blood volume in cases of hypovolemia and shock. Polyglucinum contains a high molecular weight substance that helps to increase oncotic pressure in the blood vessels, leading to fluid retention within the intravascular space and improving hemodynamic stability. Option B) Haemodesum is not the correct answer because it is a hypertonic solution used for fluid and electrolyte balance in specific medical conditions, but it does not act as a blood substitute with hemodynamic activity like Polyglucinum. Option C) Sodium chloridum isotonic for injections is a simple isotonic saline solution used for intravenous hydration and to maintain electrolyte balance. It does not have the hemodynamic activity of a blood substitute like Polyglucinum. Option D) Disolum and Trisolum are not blood substitutes but rather solutions containing different concentrations of dextrose and electrolytes used for specific medical purposes such as rehydration and electrolyte replacement. They do not possess the hemodynamic properties of Polyglucinum. In an educational context, understanding the differences between various intravenous solutions is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working with cardiovascular drugs. Knowing the indications, contraindications, and mechanisms of action of different intravenous solutions can significantly impact patient care and outcomes in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this pharmacology quiz question, the correct answer is C) Primaquine. Primaquine is not a 4-quinoline derivative; rather, it is a member of the 8-aminoquinoline class of antimalarial drugs. Understanding the classification of antimalarial drugs based on their chemical structure is crucial in pharmacology as it helps in predicting their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties. Now let's evaluate why the other options are incorrect: A) Chloroquine - This is a 4-quinoline derivative and is commonly used for the treatment and prevention of malaria. B) Mefloquine - Another 4-quinoline derivative used in the prevention and treatment of malaria. D) Amodiaquine - Also a 4-quinoline derivative with antimalarial properties. Educationally, knowing the chemical structures of drugs can aid in understanding their mechanisms of action, side effects, and potential drug interactions. It also helps in differentiating between drug classes and selecting the most appropriate medication for a specific condition. This knowledge is essential for healthcare professionals in providing safe and effective patient care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) Thiotepa. Thiotepa is an anticancer alkylating drug that is a derivative of ethylenimine. It works by cross-linking DNA strands, leading to cell death. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: A) Mercaptopurine is a purine analog antimetabolite used in the treatment of leukemia. It is not an alkylating agent derived from ethylenimine. C) Chlorambucil is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. It is not a derivative of ethylenimine. D) Procarbazine is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of Hodgkin's lymphoma and brain tumors. It is not a derivative of ethylenimine. Educational context: Understanding the classification and mechanisms of action of anticancer drugs is crucial in pharmacology. Alkylating agents are a class of drugs that covalently bind to DNA, interfering with DNA replication and leading to cell death. Thiotepa, as an ethylenimine derivative, falls into this category and is used in various cancer treatments. Remembering the specific drug classes and their mechanisms helps healthcare professionals make informed decisions in patient care.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The patient was recently diagnosed with hypertension and diastolic dysfunction. The supine blood pressure was 166/94 mm Hg and standing blood pressure was 140/83 mm Hg. Given these values, the patient is likely taking Hydrochlorothiazide, which is a diuretic commonly used to treat hypertension by reducing fluid volume and lowering blood pressure. This drug would be an appropriate choice for a patient with these blood pressure readings and hypertension diagnosis.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The most likely trigger for the patient's present chest pain is the abrupt withdrawal from nitrate therapy. Nitrates are commonly used in the treatment of angina to help relax and widen blood vessels, improving blood flow to the heart. Abruptly stopping nitrate therapy can lead to rebound symptoms, including chest pain, due to the body's dependence on the medication for vasodilation. This withdrawal can cause a sudden decrease in nitric oxide levels, leading to vasoconstriction and potentially triggering angina symptoms.