The drug contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, it is crucial to understand the contraindications of certain drugs in specific conditions to ensure safe and effective care for children. In the case of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the drug contraindicated is Digitalis (Option C). The rationale behind why Digitalis is contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy lies in its mechanism of action. Digitalis, also known as Digoxin, works by increasing the force of the heart's contractions. In hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, the heart muscle is already thickened, and using Digitalis can further worsen the condition by increasing the workload on the heart, potentially leading to adverse events like arrhythmias or heart failure. Examining the other options: - Antibiotics (Option A): Antibiotics are not specifically contraindicated in children with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy unless there are underlying allergies or specific drug interactions to consider. - Diuretics (Option B): Diuretics can actually be beneficial in managing fluid overload in certain cardiac conditions, including hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. - Immunosuppressives (Option D): While not typically used in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, they are not specifically contraindicated solely based on this diagnosis. Educationally, understanding drug contraindications in pediatric patients with specific conditions like hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is essential for safe medication administration and optimal patient outcomes. It highlights the importance of tailored and evidence-based care for pediatric populations to prevent potential harm and promote healing.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric basic life support, the correct way to achieve airway opening in a 5-year-old child with a car accident is through the jaw thrust maneuver, which is option D. The jaw thrust maneuver is preferred in cases of trauma to the head or neck, as it helps to maintain proper alignment of the cervical spine and reduces the risk of further injury. Option A, head tilt and chin lift with neck extended, is not the ideal choice in trauma situations as it can potentially worsen spinal injuries by moving the neck. Option B, head tilt and chin lift with neck neutral, may also not be the best choice in trauma cases as it does not provide the same level of protection to the cervical spine as the jaw thrust maneuver. Option C, abdominal thrust, is used to relieve choking in conscious individuals and is not relevant to opening the airway in a child involved in a car accident. Educationally, it is crucial for healthcare providers, especially pediatric nurses, to be well-versed in pediatric basic life support techniques to ensure proper care and support in emergency situations involving children. Understanding the rationale behind each technique and when to apply them is essential for providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric CPR, the correct depth of chest compressions is crucial for the success of the resuscitation efforts. The correct answer is B) 4-5 cm. This depth is recommended by the American Heart Association (AHA) for pediatric patients in cardiac arrest. Choosing option A) 1-2 cm is incorrect because the compressions need to be deeper to effectively circulate blood and oxygenate the body during CPR. Option C) 3 cm is also too shallow and may not provide adequate circulation. Option D) 7-8 cm is too deep for pediatric patients and can cause harm. Educationally, understanding the correct depth of chest compressions in pediatric CPR is essential for healthcare providers, especially for pediatric nurses. Proper compression depth ensures that the heart is effectively stimulated and blood flow is maintained to vital organs during a cardiac arrest situation in children. It is important to adhere to the AHA guidelines to increase the chances of a successful resuscitation outcome. Regular training and practice sessions are imperative for healthcare professionals to maintain competency in performing high-quality CPR on pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: Acute epiglottitis is a serious condition that requires prompt recognition and intervention. Option A, "Fulminating course of high fever and drooling of saliva," is the correct answer because it accurately describes a classic presentation of acute epiglottitis in children. The rapid onset of high fever, severe sore throat, and drooling of saliva due to difficulty swallowing are hallmark signs of epiglottitis, indicating airway compromise. Option B, "Absence of toxic manifestations," is incorrect because acute epiglottitis typically presents with toxic manifestations such as high fever, respiratory distress, and drooling. The absence of such signs would be atypical for this condition. Option C, "The most common cause is para-influenza," is incorrect. While para-influenza virus can cause croup, a different upper airway condition, acute epiglottitis is commonly caused by Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) bacteria, especially in unvaccinated children. Option D, "Good response to nebulized adrenaline," is incorrect because the primary treatment for acute epiglottitis is securing the airway to prevent complete obstruction. Nebulized adrenaline may be used in croup to reduce airway inflammation but is not the mainstay of treatment for epiglottitis. In an educational context, understanding the key clinical features of acute epiglottitis is crucial for pediatric nurses to quickly recognize and intervene in a potentially life-threatening situation. Nurses must be prepared to initiate emergency protocols to secure the airway and provide appropriate treatment to stabilize the child's condition and prevent respiratory distress or failure. Clinical knowledge and rapid assessment skills are essential for pediatric nurses caring for children with acute respiratory conditions like epiglottitis.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Steatorrhea, chronic chest symptoms, and failure to thrive. This is because cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that mainly affects the lungs and digestive system. The buildup of thick mucus in the lungs leads to chronic chest symptoms such as coughing and frequent lung infections. In the digestive system, the mucus can block the pancreas, leading to problems with digesting food and absorbing nutrients, resulting in steatorrhea (fatty stools) and failure to thrive. Option A is incorrect because meconium aspiration syndrome is a separate condition that can occur in newborns but is not directly related to cystic fibrosis. Option C is incorrect because hypernatremia (high sodium levels) is not a typical symptom of cystic fibrosis. Instead, patients with cystic fibrosis often experience salt depletion due to excessive sweating. Option D is incorrect because hypercholesterolemia (high cholesterol levels) is not a common feature of cystic fibrosis. Patients with cystic fibrosis may actually have difficulty absorbing fats and fat-soluble vitamins due to pancreatic insufficiency. In an educational context, understanding the typical symptoms of cystic fibrosis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially pediatric nurses, who may care for children with this condition. Recognizing these symptoms early can lead to timely interventions and improved outcomes for patients with cystic fibrosis.