ATI RN
Cardiovascular Drugs Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
The drug acts by competitively blocking the NaCl cotransporter:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Loop diuretics inhibit the Na/K/2Cl cotransporter in the thick ascending loop of Henle, while thiazide diuretics act on the NaCl cotransporter in the distal convoluted tubule. Therefore, the correct answer is B. Loop diuretics (A) work differently by targeting a different transporter. Potassium-sparing diuretics (C) inhibit sodium channels in the collecting duct and distal nephron, not the NaCl cotransporter. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (D) act on the enzyme carbonic anhydrase in the proximal convoluted tubule and not directly on the NaCl cotransporter.
Question 2 of 5
Tick the antibacterial drug – a fluoroquinolone derivative:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct choice is D: Ciprofloxacin. Ciprofloxacin is a fluoroquinolone derivative known for its broad-spectrum antibacterial activity. It inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, essential enzymes for DNA replication. This mechanism leads to bacterial cell death. Chloramphenicol (A) inhibits bacterial protein synthesis, Nitrofurantoin (B) disrupts bacterial cell wall synthesis, and Nalidixic acid (C) inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis. Therefore, only Ciprofloxacin (D) targets DNA replication through gyrase inhibition, making it the correct choice.
Question 3 of 5
Tick the drug of choice for herpes and cytomegalovirus infection treatment:
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Acyclovir. Acyclovir is the drug of choice for herpes and cytomegalovirus infections due to its specific antiviral activity against these viruses. It works by inhibiting viral DNA replication. Saquinavir is a protease inhibitor used for HIV, not herpes or cytomegalovirus. Interferon alfa is used for viral infections like hepatitis B and C, not herpes or cytomegalovirus. Didanozine is a nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor used for HIV, not herpes or cytomegalovirus. Therefore, Acyclovir is the correct choice for these infections.
Question 4 of 5
The abrupt withdrawal from which of the following drugs most likely triggered the recent MI?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Propranolol. Abrupt withdrawal of beta-blockers like propranolol can lead to rebound hypertension and potentially trigger a myocardial infarction (MI) due to sudden increase in heart rate and blood pressure. Aspirin, Lovastatin, and Captopril do not typically cause rebound effects that would lead to a sudden MI upon withdrawal.
Question 5 of 5
Which of the following drugs most likely caused this adverse effect?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Prazosin. This drug is an alpha-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist commonly used to treat hypertension. The adverse effect described is orthostatic hypotension, which is a known side effect of alpha-1 blockers like prazosin. When prazosin blocks alpha-1 receptors in blood vessels, it can lead to a sudden drop in blood pressure upon standing up, causing orthostatic hypotension. Propranolol (A) is a beta-blocker, Minoxidil (B) is a vasodilator, and Hydralazine (C) is also a vasodilator, but these drugs do not directly affect alpha-1 receptors and are less likely to cause orthostatic hypotension compared to prazosin.