The 'dominant lethal' test involves the treatment of a male adult animal with a chemical before mating; the pregnant female is later examined for fetal death and abnormalities. The dominant lethal test therefore is a test of

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The dominant lethal test is a test of mutagenicity (B), detecting mutations in male germ cells causing fetal death or abnormalities post-mating, indicating DNA damage (e.g., from alkylating agents). Teratogenicity (A) tests developmental defects from maternal exposure during pregnancy, not paternal. Carcinogenicity (C) assesses tumor formation, requiring long-term studies. Option D is incorrect as it's specific to mutagenesis. Option E (original) is also false. Used in toxicology, this assay identifies genotoxic potential, critical for assessing reproductive risks of chemicals, though it doesn't predict teratogenesis or cancer directly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The Arrhenius equation (C), k = Ae^(-Ea/RT), predicts drug stability at room temperature by relating reaction rate (k) to temperature (T), using activation energy (Ea) from accelerated studies (e.g., 40°C). Stokes (A) addresses viscosity, Yong (B) is undefined here, Michaelis-Menten (D) is enzyme kinetics, and Hixson-Crowell (original E) models dissolution. This exponential relationship extrapolates shelf life (e.g., 25°C) from higher-temperature degradation rates, critical in pharmaceutical development for ensuring potency and safety over time.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Mineral oil (A) is most likely used to lubricate molds in the fusion method for cocoa butter suppositories, preventing sticking and ensuring easy release post-cooling. Propylene glycol (B) is a humectant, not a lubricant. Cetyl alcohol (C) and stearic acid (D) are base components, not mold lubricants. Magnesium silicate (original E) is a filler, not suitable. Mineral oil's inert, oily nature facilitates clean suppository production, maintaining shape and drug uniformity (e.g., bisacodyl), a practical step in extemporaneous compounding.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: A ceramic mortar is preferable when comminution is desired in addition to mixing (C), its rough surface grinding particles effectively (e.g., reducing tablet fragments), unlike smooth glass. Volatile oils (A) risk loss regardless of mortar. Dyes (B) stain ceramics, favoring glass. No option D or original E exists. Ceramic's abrasive texture enhances particle size reduction, critical in extemporaneous compounding for uniform powders, improving dissolution and bioavailability in solid dosage forms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Acidic drugs mainly bind to albumin (A), the most abundant plasma protein, with sites for weak acids (e.g., warfarin, ibuprofen), affecting free drug levels. α₁-acid glycoprotein (B) binds basic drugs (e.g., lidocaine). Option C is incorrect as acidic drugs favor albumin. Option D is false. This binding, reversible and saturable, reduces free drug for distribution, prolonging action but risking displacement interactions (e.g., with aspirin), a key pharmacokinetic factor in dosing and toxicity.