ATI RN
NCLEX Pharmacology Cardiovascular Drugs Questions
Question 1 of 5
The dominant initial sights of acute cholinesterase inhibitors intoxication include all of the following except:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mydriasis. Cholinesterase inhibitors cause excessive stimulation of the parasympathetic nervous system, leading to symptoms such as salivation, sweating, bronchial constriction, and GI symptoms. Mydriasis, or pupil dilation, is not a typical initial symptom of cholinesterase inhibitor intoxication. Pupil constriction (miosis) is actually more common due to increased parasympathetic activity. Therefore, mydriasis does not fit the profile of initial symptoms seen in cholinesterase inhibitor intoxication.
Question 2 of 5
Indicate the sympathomimetic, which may cause hypotension, presumably because of a clonidine-like effect:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale: 1. Xylometazoline is an alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. 2. Activation of alpha-2 receptors centrally leads to reduced sympathetic outflow and vasodilation. 3. Vasodilation can cause hypotension, similar to clonidine's mechanism. 4. Methoxamine (A) and phenylephrine (B) are alpha-1 agonists, causing vasoconstriction. 5. Isoproterenol (D) is a non-selective beta agonist, leading to increased heart rate and contractility, potentially causing hypertension.
Question 3 of 5
Beta-receptor antagonists cause:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Inhibition of glycogenolysis. 1. Beta-receptor antagonists inhibit the action of catecholamines (epinephrine, norepinephrine). 2. Catecholamines normally stimulate beta-receptors, promoting glycogenolysis. 3. Therefore, beta-blockers block this stimulation, leading to the inhibition of glycogenolysis. Summary: A: Stimulation of lipolysis - Incorrect. Beta-blockers do not stimulate lipolysis. B: Stimulation of gluconeogenesis - Incorrect. Beta-blockers do not stimulate gluconeogenesis. D: Stimulation of insulin secretion - Incorrect. Beta-blockers actually inhibit insulin secretion.
Question 4 of 5
All of the hypnotic drugs induce:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Decrease the duration of REM sleep. Hypnotic drugs typically suppress REM sleep, leading to a decrease in its duration. This is because these drugs act on the central nervous system to promote sedation and reduce the amount of time spent in REM sleep. Choice A is incorrect as hypnotic drugs do not increase the duration of REM sleep. Choice C is also incorrect as these drugs do alter the duration of REM sleep. Choice D is incorrect since hypnotic drugs do not increase the duration of slow wave sleep, which is a different stage of sleep compared to REM sleep.
Question 5 of 5
A long-acting drug against both absence and myoclonic seizures is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Clonazepam. Clonazepam is a long-acting benzodiazepine that is effectively used to treat both absence and myoclonic seizures due to its ability to enhance the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA. It has a long half-life, allowing for sustained seizure control. Primidone (A) is mainly used for tonic-clonic seizures, Carbamazepine (B) is more effective for focal seizures, and Phenytoin (D) is typically used for tonic-clonic and focal seizures, but not specifically for absence or myoclonic seizures.