The diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) that is consistent with asthma is more than

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 20%. In asthma, there is a characteristic diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF), with a decrease during the night and an increase in the morning. A variation of more than 20% in PEF between morning and evening is considered consistent with asthma. This phenomenon is due to the circadian rhythm of airway function and inflammation in individuals with asthma. Option A) 10% is too small to be considered clinically significant in the context of asthma. A 30% or 40% variation would indicate a more severe and possibly life-threatening exacerbation rather than the typical diurnal variation seen in asthma. Understanding the diurnal variation in PEF is crucial for healthcare providers caring for pediatric patients with asthma. Recognizing and interpreting these variations can aid in early detection of worsening asthma control, guiding appropriate interventions and treatment adjustments to prevent exacerbations and improve long-term outcomes for pediatric patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the pathophysiology of conditions like atopic dermatitis is crucial for providing effective care. In this case, the correct answer is A) head and neck. Patients with atopic dermatitis often exhibit IgE antibodies against Malassezia furfur in these areas due to the presence of sebaceous glands, which this yeast thrives on. This can exacerbate the inflammatory response seen in atopic dermatitis. Option B) hands and arms, and Option C) legs and feet are incorrect because these areas are less commonly associated with the presence of Malassezia furfur in atopic dermatitis. Option D) upper chest is also incorrect as it is not a typical site for this specific type of antibody response in atopic dermatitis. Educationally, understanding the specific immunologic responses and associated triggers in atopic dermatitis helps nurses in assessing and managing pediatric patients with this condition effectively. Knowledge of these details can guide treatment plans, including targeted interventions to alleviate symptoms and prevent exacerbations.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) encephalopathy. When analyzing the options, it is crucial to understand the manifestations of a delayed or late reaction to stinging venom. Vasculitis (option A), serum sickness (option B), and hemolytic anemia (option D) are all potential outcomes of delayed reactions to venom due to the body's immune response. However, encephalopathy, which is a disorder affecting the brain function, is not typically associated with delayed reactions to stinging venom. Educationally, this question enhances understanding of pediatric nursing by highlighting the importance of recognizing potential complications following a stinging venom exposure. It reinforces the need for nurses to be vigilant in assessing and managing such reactions, thereby providing safe and effective care to pediatric patients. By differentiating between potential outcomes, nurses can intervene promptly and appropriately to ensure positive patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common presenting complaints of conditions like allergic conjunctivitis is crucial for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment. The correct answer, B) itching, is the most common presenting complaint of allergic conjunctivitis. This symptom is typically caused by the release of histamines in response to allergens, leading to itching, tearing, and discomfort. Option A) pain is less likely in allergic conjunctivitis unless there is severe inflammation or secondary infection present. Option C) redness is a common symptom as well, but it is usually accompanied by itching rather than being the primary complaint. Option D) blurred vision is not a typical presenting complaint of allergic conjunctivitis unless there is significant swelling or discharge affecting vision, which is less common in mild cases. Educationally, understanding the typical presenting complaints of allergic conjunctivitis helps pediatric nurses differentiate it from other eye conditions and provide appropriate care. It also underscores the importance of recognizing common symptoms in pediatric patients to facilitate early intervention and prevent complications.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In hereditary angioedema, the MOST common childhood symptom is cutaneous non-pitting and non-pruritic edema not associated with urticaria (Option C). This is because hereditary angioedema is characterized by localized swelling due to fluid accumulation in deep layers of the skin and mucous membranes, which typically does not cause itching or leave an indentation when pressed. Option A is incorrect as pruritic edema with urticaria is more commonly seen in allergic reactions rather than hereditary angioedema. Option B is incorrect as pitting edema suggests fluid accumulation in the superficial layers, which is not a characteristic feature of hereditary angioedema. Option D is incorrect as the presence of urticaria would typically suggest a different condition rather than hereditary angioedema. Educationally, understanding the specific clinical manifestations of hereditary angioedema in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessment and prompt intervention. Recognizing the distinctive features of this condition helps in differentiating it from other causes of edema, guiding appropriate treatment strategies, and ensuring optimal outcomes for pediatric patients.