The diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) that is consistent with asthma is more than

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) 20%. In pediatric asthma, diurnal variation in Peak Expiratory Flow (PEF) refers to the fluctuation in a child's PEF values throughout the day. A diurnal variation of more than 20% is considered consistent with asthma. This variation is due to the airway inflammation and constriction that typically occurs in asthma, leading to impaired airflow. Option A) 10% is too small of a variation to be indicative of asthma. Asthma is characterized by more significant fluctuations in PEF. Option C) 30% and Option D) 40% are both higher than the typical diurnal variation seen in asthma. A diurnal variation of 30% or 40% would suggest more severe airflow limitation or other respiratory conditions rather than asthma. In a pediatric nursing context, understanding the significance of diurnal variation in PEF is crucial for assessing and managing asthma in children. Monitoring PEF levels can help healthcare providers evaluate asthma control, adjust treatment plans, and intervene promptly in case of worsening symptoms. Recognizing the correct diurnal variation threshold for asthma is essential for providing optimal care to pediatric patients with asthma.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the relationship between atopic dermatitis and specific triggers is crucial for effective management. In this case, IgE antibodies against Malassezia furfur are associated with atopic dermatitis of the head and neck region. This is because Malassezia furfur is a yeast commonly found on the scalp, face, and upper body areas, which are more prone to colonization in patients with atopic dermatitis due to impaired skin barrier function. Option A is correct because the head and neck region are common sites for atopic dermatitis flare-ups due to increased sebaceous gland activity and exposure to environmental allergens like Malassezia furfur. Options B, C, and D can be eliminated because atopic dermatitis typically affects areas with higher sebaceous gland density and exposure to allergens, which are more prevalent in the head and neck region compared to the hands, arms, legs, and feet. Understanding the specific distribution patterns of atopic dermatitis helps nurses in assessing, treating, and educating patients and families about managing the condition effectively.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) encephalopathy. When analyzing a delayed/late reaction to stinging venom, it is crucial to understand the pathophysiology behind each condition. Encephalopathy is not typically associated with delayed venom reactions. Vasculitis (option A) is a possible complication due to inflammatory processes affecting blood vessels. Serum sickness (option B) is an immune complex-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Hemolytic anemia (option D) can occur due to the destruction of red blood cells triggered by certain venom components. Educationally, this question helps students differentiate between potential complications of delayed reactions to stinging venom. Understanding these distinctions is vital for pediatric nurses as they assess and manage pediatric patients who may present with allergic reactions. By grasping these subtleties, nurses can provide timely and appropriate interventions, ensuring optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding common complaints in allergic conjunctivitis is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. The correct answer is B) itching. Allergic conjunctivitis is characterized by itching, which is often the most bothersome symptom for patients. The itching results from the release of histamine in response to allergens, leading to inflammation and irritation of the conjunctiva. Option A) pain is less common in allergic conjunctivitis unless there is concurrent trauma or infection present. Option C) redness is a common symptom but may not be the MOST common presenting complaint. Option D) blurred vision is more commonly associated with other eye conditions such as refractive errors or more severe forms of conjunctivitis. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing key symptoms in allergic conjunctivitis in pediatric patients. By understanding the typical presentation of this condition, nurses can provide appropriate interventions and educate patients and families on managing symptoms effectively. It also emphasizes the significance of differentiating between various eye complaints to ensure accurate assessment and intervention in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In hereditary angioedema, the most common childhood symptom is cutaneous non-pitting and non-pruritic edema not associated with urticaria, which is option C. This is because hereditary angioedema is characterized by localized swelling in the deep layers of the skin and mucous membranes, which typically does not cause itching (non-pruritic) and does not leave an indentation when pressed (non-pitting). Option A is incorrect because it describes edema associated with urticaria (hives), which is not typically seen in hereditary angioedema. Option B is incorrect as pitting edema is not a characteristic of hereditary angioedema. Option D is also incorrect as urticaria is not commonly associated with hereditary angioedema in children. Understanding the distinguishing features of hereditary angioedema in children is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide accurate assessment and prompt intervention. By differentiating the symptoms of hereditary angioedema from other conditions, nurses can ensure appropriate treatment and management to prevent complications and improve outcomes for pediatric patients.