ATI RN
Chapter 14 Nutrition and Fluid Balance Workbook Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The dissociation constant represents the fact that an individual acid always dissociates to the same extent.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, FALSE. The dissociation constant (Ka) represents the extent to which an acid dissociates into its ions in solution. It varies depending on the specific acid and its concentration. Therefore, it is not true that an individual acid always dissociates to the same extent. Choice A is incorrect because it incorrectly states that it is true. Choices C and D are not applicable in this context.
Question 2 of 5
The buffering abilities of the kidneys are more powerful than the respiratory system, because the kidneys can work to completely restore pH to normal.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is B (FALSE) because while kidneys play a crucial role in regulating pH balance by excreting or reabsorbing bicarbonate ions, they are not as rapid as the respiratory system in adjusting pH levels. The respiratory system can rapidly adjust pH by altering breathing rate and depth. Therefore, the statement that kidneys can completely restore pH to normal is inaccurate. This is because kidneys are slower acting and may not be able to fully compensate for significant pH imbalances in a short period of time. Other choices (A, C, D) are not applicable as they do not provide a relevant response to the question.
Question 3 of 5
Basic phosphate is secreted by the kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ion when the tubular fluid becomes too
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Basic phosphate is not secreted by kidney tubular cells to buffer hydrogen ions. Instead, the kidney tubules primarily secrete hydrogen ions and reabsorb bicarbonate ions to maintain acid-base balance. Choice A is not applicable, and choices C and D are placeholders. In summary, basic phosphate is not involved in buffering hydrogen ions in the kidney tubules.
Question 4 of 5
Carbon dioxide is unintentionally increased as a cause of respiratory acidosis but is deliberately increased as a compensation for metabolic alkalosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. In respiratory acidosis, there is an increase in carbon dioxide levels due to impaired gas exchange, leading to acidosis. To compensate for metabolic alkalosis, the body deliberately increases carbon dioxide levels through hypoventilation to help restore acid-base balance. This deliberate increase in carbon dioxide helps to lower pH and counteract the alkalosis. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as they do not accurately reflect the relationship between carbon dioxide levels and respiratory acidosis or metabolic alkalosis.
Question 5 of 5
The home health nurse cares for an alert and oriented older adult patient with a history of dehydration. Which instructions should the nurse give this patient related to fluid intake?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Increasing fluids when the mouth feels dry is a reliable indicator of dehydration. Thirst sensation may be blunted in older adults, so waiting until feeling thirsty (choice B) may be too late. Drinking more fluids in the late evening (choice A) may lead to nocturia and disrupt sleep. Feeling confused (choice D) is a late sign of dehydration and not a reliable indicator for increasing fluid intake.