The disease caused due to deficiency of nicotinic acid is

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: pellagra. Pellagra is caused by a deficiency of nicotinic acid (niacin), which is a type of vitamin B3. Nicotinic acid is essential for the metabolism of carbohydrates and fats. Symptoms of pellagra include dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and eventually death if left untreated. Rationale: 1. Anaemia (Choice A) is not caused by a deficiency of nicotinic acid. 2. Osteomalacia (Choice B) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D, not nicotinic acid. 3. Xerophthalmia (Choice C) is caused by a deficiency of vitamin A, not nicotinic acid. In summary, pellagra is the correct answer because it directly relates to the deficiency of nicotinic acid, while the other choices are caused by deficiencies of different vitamins.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Measure abdominal girth. In a possible bowel obstruction, measuring abdominal girth is crucial to monitor for signs of bowel distension, which can indicate worsening obstruction. This intervention helps in assessing the progression of the condition and can guide further management decisions. Obtaining daily weights (A) may be important for fluid balance but is not as immediate in this situation. Keeping strict intake and output (C) and encouraging fluid intake (D) are important but not the priority when addressing a possible bowel obstruction.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: mucus. Mucus is a viscous substance secreted by mucous membranes that lubricates food, aiding its movement through the digestive tract. It also protects the epithelium by forming a barrier against harmful substances. Water (B) primarily aids in digestion and is not a secretion itself. Enzymes (C) are proteins that help break down food but do not provide lubrication. Hormones (D) are chemical messengers that regulate bodily functions but do not directly aid in food lubrication or protection.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: frenulum. The frenulum is a band of tissue that restricts the movement of the tongue, causing a person to be 'tongue-tied'. By surgically cutting the frenulum, this restriction is alleviated, allowing for improved tongue mobility and speech. Incorrect choices: A: The uvula is a small, fleshy lobe at the back of the tongue, not related to being 'tongue-tied'. B: The buccinator muscle is involved in chewing and facial expressions, not related to tongue-tie. D: The labium refers to the lips, which are not associated with being 'tongue-tied'.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: hiatus. The esophagus pierces through an opening in the diaphragm called the esophageal hiatus. The hiatus allows the esophagus to pass from the thoracic cavity into the abdominal cavity. The other choices are incorrect because: A: Fauces is the opening at the back of the mouth leading to the pharynx. C: Glottis is the part of the larynx consisting of the vocal cords and the opening between them. D: Inguinal canal is a passage in the abdominal wall near the groin.