The differential diagnosis of chronic urticaria includes the following EXCEPT

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the differential diagnosis of chronic urticaria is crucial for accurate assessment and treatment. In this case, the correct answer is D) cutaneous blistering disorders. Cutaneous blistering disorders are not typically associated with chronic urticaria, which is characterized by hives or wheals. On the other hand, options A, B, and C are all related to mast cell disorders or malignancies that can manifest with urticaria symptoms. Cutaneous mastocytosis and systemic mastocytosis involve abnormal mast cell proliferation, leading to urticaria. Complement-mediated mast cell degranulation in malignancies can also present with urticaria due to mast cell activation. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing different conditions that can present similarly in pediatric patients. By understanding the nuances of each differential diagnosis, nurses can provide targeted care and interventions to manage chronic urticaria effectively. It also underscores the significance of thorough assessment and critical thinking in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding vaccine contraindications is crucial for safe and effective patient care. The correct answer is D) yellow fever. Yellow fever vaccine is contraindicated in children with egg allergy due to the vaccine containing egg protein. Children with egg allergy are at risk of an allergic reaction when exposed to egg proteins in vaccines, making the administration of the yellow fever vaccine unsafe for them. Option A) MMR, Option B) influenza, and Option C) DPT are not contraindicated in children with egg allergy. The MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine, influenza vaccine, and DPT (diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus) vaccine do not contain egg proteins in amounts sufficient to cause an allergic reaction in children with egg allergy. Therefore, these vaccines are considered safe for administration in children with egg allergy. Educationally, understanding vaccine contraindications based on allergies is essential for pediatric nurses to provide safe care to their patients. Nurses must assess each child's medical history, including allergies, before administering vaccines to prevent adverse reactions. This knowledge ensures that vaccines are administered safely and effectively, contributing to improved patient outcomes and overall public health.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for adverse drug reactions is crucial to ensure safe and effective care for children. In this context, the correct answer is C) dosing schedule. The dosing schedule plays a critical role in determining the effectiveness and safety of a drug regimen. Incorrect dosing schedules, such as administering a medication too frequently or infrequently, can lead to adverse drug reactions in pediatric patients. Proper dosing intervals are essential to maintain therapeutic drug levels while minimizing the risk of toxicity or inefficacy. A) Prior exposure is a risk factor for adverse drug reactions as children who have been previously exposed to a medication may develop sensitivities or allergic reactions upon subsequent exposure. B) Route of administration can also impact the risk of adverse drug reactions. For example, intravenous administration may lead to rapid systemic effects compared to oral administration. D) Genetic predisposition is another important risk factor. Certain genetic variations can affect how a child metabolizes or responds to specific medications, increasing the likelihood of adverse reactions. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to have a comprehensive understanding of these risk factors to ensure safe medication administration and monitoring in pediatric patients. By recognizing the significance of dosing schedules and other risk factors, nurses can proactively assess and mitigate the potential for adverse drug reactions, ultimately promoting better outcomes for pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding the aggravating factors for asthma is crucial for providing effective care. The correct answer is A) gastroesophageal reflux. Gastroesophageal reflux can trigger asthma symptoms by causing irritation and inflammation in the airways. This is due to the refluxed stomach contents entering the esophagus and potentially reaching the lungs, leading to bronchoconstriction and worsening asthma. Viral infections (B) can exacerbate asthma by causing inflammation in the respiratory tract, but they are more commonly associated with triggering acute asthma attacks rather than being a consistent aggravating factor. Smoke (C) is a well-known trigger for asthma exacerbations due to the irritants it contains, but it is not a direct aggravating factor like gastroesophageal reflux. Exercise (D) can also trigger asthma symptoms in some individuals, but it is more related to exercise-induced asthma rather than being a consistent aggravating factor for asthma. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand the various aggravating factors for asthma to provide comprehensive care to pediatric patients. By knowing the specific triggers and aggravating factors, nurses can help educate patients and families on how to manage and prevent asthma exacerbations effectively. This knowledge also enables nurses to anticipate potential complications and intervene promptly to ensure optimal patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory condition of the nasal passages caused by allergen exposure. The hallmark symptoms include nasal congestion, sneezing, and pruritus of the eyes, nose, and ears. The correct answer, A) thick rhinorrhea, is not typically associated with allergic rhinitis. Nasal congestion occurs due to the inflammation and swelling of the nasal passages. Sneezing is the body's way of trying to expel the allergen. Pruritus of the eyes, nose, and ears is common in allergic rhinitis due to the release of histamine. However, thick rhinorrhea is not a characteristic symptom of allergic rhinitis; instead, clear and watery nasal discharge is more typical. In an educational context, understanding the hallmark symptoms of allergic rhinitis is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially in pediatric nursing. Recognizing these symptoms can lead to early intervention and appropriate management to improve the quality of life for children with allergies. It is essential to differentiate between allergic rhinitis and other respiratory conditions to provide effective care and symptom relief.