The difference between nonphysiologic jaundice (pathologic jaundice) and physiologic jaundice is that nonphysiologic jaundice

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Nonphysiologic jaundice appears within the first 24 hours of life, while physiologic jaundice occurs after the initial 24 hours. Nonphysiologic jaundice may lead to kernicterus, progresses from head to body, and both types result from erythrocyte breakdown. Treatment needs to be timely to prevent kernicterus.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) B. cepacia. The presence of B. cepacia in the lower airways strongly suggests a diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. B. cepacia is a pathogen commonly found in the respiratory tract of individuals with cystic fibrosis due to their impaired mucociliary clearance, making them more susceptible to colonization by opportunistic pathogens like B. cepacia. Option B) gram-negative rods is a non-specific finding as many pathogens fall under this category and do not specifically point towards cystic fibrosis. Option C) nontuberculous mycobacterial species and Option D) Mycoplasma are not typically associated with cystic fibrosis. Educationally, understanding the specific pathogens associated with cystic fibrosis is crucial for pediatric nurses as early detection and management of the disease can significantly improve patient outcomes. Being able to recognize key pathogens like B. cepacia can lead to prompt interventions and better quality of care for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric respiratory nursing, understanding conditions associated with increased intrathoracic pressure is crucial for providing effective care. In this question, the correct answer is D) Cystic fibrosis. Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that primarily affects the lungs and can lead to the production of thick, sticky mucus. This mucus can obstruct the airways, leading to increased intrathoracic pressure. Therefore, cystic fibrosis is directly associated with increased intrathoracic pressure in children. A) Pneumothorax is incorrect because it is characterized by the presence of air in the pleural space, not specifically related to increased intrathoracic pressure. B) Asthma is incorrect because while it can cause air trapping and increased pressure in the airways, it is not primarily associated with increased intrathoracic pressure. C) Pneumatocele is incorrect because it is a rare complication of pneumonia where air-filled cavities form within the lung tissue, but it is not directly linked to increased intrathoracic pressure. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing different respiratory conditions in children and their respective effects on intrathoracic pressure. Understanding these relationships is essential for nurses caring for pediatric patients with respiratory conditions to provide appropriate interventions and support.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In pediatric nursing, the assessment of scoliosis is crucial for early detection and intervention. The correct answer is A) 25 degrees because a curve exceeding 25 degrees is typically considered as scoliosis. This threshold is important as it helps in identifying the condition early and initiating appropriate management to prevent progression and potential complications. Option B) 30 degrees, Option C) 35 degrees, and Option D) 40 degrees are incorrect as they suggest higher degrees of curvature before defining scoliosis. Waiting for a curve to reach 30, 35, or 40 degrees before diagnosing scoliosis can delay necessary interventions and potentially allow the curvature to worsen. Educationally, understanding the specific angle criteria for diagnosing scoliosis is essential for nurses working with pediatric patients. Early identification through proper assessment techniques like physical examination and radiographic evaluation can lead to timely referrals to orthopedic specialists, implementation of appropriate treatments, and improved outcomes for patients with scoliosis. Nurses play a key role in screening, monitoring, and educating patients and families about scoliosis, making this knowledge critical in pediatric nursing practice.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In pediatric respiratory nursing, understanding blood gas values is crucial for assessing a child's respiratory status accurately. The correct answer, option D (10 mm Hg), is based on the physiological differences between arterial and venous blood gases. Arterial blood has a lower Pco2 than venous blood due to gas exchange in the lungs, making the Pco2 in venous samples approximately 10 mm Hg higher than in arterial blood. Option A (4 mm Hg) is incorrect because the difference between arterial and venous Pco2 levels is greater than 4 mm Hg. Option B (6 mm Hg) is also incorrect as the difference is typically greater than 6 mm Hg. Option C (8 mm Hg) is closer to the actual difference but still underestimates the typical variance seen between arterial and venous Pco2 levels. Educationally, it is crucial for pediatric nurses to grasp these nuances to accurately interpret blood gas values, especially in critically ill children. Recognizing the expected differences between arterial and venous blood gases can aid in making appropriate clinical decisions and interventions for pediatric patients with respiratory issues.