The diagnostic test of choice for pulmonary embolism is a

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of nursing care for pediatric respiratory disorders, understanding the diagnostic tests used is crucial for providing effective care. In the case of pulmonary embolism, the diagnostic test of choice is a CT angiogram of the chest (Option A). A CT angiogram is preferred for diagnosing pulmonary embolism because it is non-invasive, readily available, and provides detailed images of the pulmonary vasculature, allowing for accurate detection of blood clots in the lungs. Ventilation-perfusion scans (Option B) are commonly used in adults but are less reliable in pediatric patients due to their developing lung physiology. Doppler or compression ultrasonography (Option C) is not the first-line diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism as it is more commonly used to detect deep vein thrombosis. Pulmonary angiography (Option D) is an invasive procedure and is typically reserved for cases where CT angiogram results are inconclusive or when immediate treatment is needed. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind choosing the appropriate diagnostic test for pulmonary embolism in pediatric patients ensures that nursing professionals can advocate for the most effective and least invasive diagnostic approach, leading to timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) Parainfluenza virus. In pediatric respiratory disorders, upper airway infections are commonly caused by viral agents like Parainfluenza virus. This virus is known to cause croup, a condition characterized by barking cough and inspiratory stridor. Option B) Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial pathogen, not typically associated with upper airway infections in pediatrics. It is more commonly linked to skin and soft tissue infections. Option C) Persistent fetal circulation is a cardiovascular condition seen in newborns, not related to upper airway infections. Option D) Croup is a condition caused by viral infections, particularly by the Parainfluenza virus. It presents with symptoms like barking cough and inspiratory stridor. Educationally, understanding the etiology of pediatric respiratory disorders is crucial for nurses caring for children. Knowing the common pathogens involved in upper airway infections helps in accurate diagnosis and appropriate management. Nurses should be able to differentiate between viral and bacterial causes to provide effective care and educate families on preventive measures.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of nursing care for pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis, understanding the gastrointestinal manifestations is crucial for providing comprehensive care. The correct answer, option D, gastric outlet obstruction, is not typically associated with cystic fibrosis. This condition is more commonly linked to other gastrointestinal issues such as meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, and pancreatic insufficiency. Option A, intussusception, is a telescoping of the intestines and is not a typical manifestation of cystic fibrosis. Option B, appendicitis, is inflammation of the appendix and is not directly related to cystic fibrosis. Option C, colonic mucosal thickening, can occur in cystic fibrosis due to dehydration and increased mucus production, leading to changes in the colon's lining. Educationally, knowing these manifestations helps nurses recognize and manage complications in pediatric patients with cystic fibrosis effectively. Understanding these distinctions aids in early identification of issues, timely interventions, and holistic care for these vulnerable individuals.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia. In this case, the 12-year-old male presenting with recurrent unilateral epistaxis for 6 months is indicative of this condition. Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (HHT) is a genetic disorder characterized by abnormal blood vessel formation that leads to recurrent, spontaneous nosebleeds (epistaxis) due to fragile blood vessels in the nose. Option A) juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma is a benign tumor that typically presents with unilateral nasal obstruction and epistaxis, but it is more common in adolescent males. Option B) von Willebrand disease is a bleeding disorder characterized by a deficiency or dysfunction of von Willebrand factor, resulting in prolonged bleeding time. While it can present with epistaxis, the chronicity and unilateral nature of the symptoms in this case are more indicative of HHT. Option C) idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura is a condition characterized by low platelet count leading to increased bleeding tendencies, but it typically presents with mucocutaneous bleeding and petechiae rather than recurrent unilateral epistaxis. Educationally, understanding the differential diagnosis of recurrent epistaxis in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children with respiratory disorders. Recognizing the clinical presentation of HHT can guide appropriate diagnostic tests and interventions, highlighting the importance of a comprehensive assessment and knowledge of pediatric respiratory conditions in nursing practice.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this quiz question regarding common causes of the common cold, the correct answer is B) reovirus. Reovirus is not a common cause of the common cold in pediatric patients. The other options, A) respiratory syncytial virus, C) coronavirus, and D) parainfluenza virus, are all well-known pathogens associated with respiratory infections in children. Respiratory syncytial virus is a common cause of bronchiolitis and pneumonia in infants and young children. Coronaviruses, such as the one responsible for COVID-19, can also cause symptoms resembling the common cold. Parainfluenza virus is another common viral cause of respiratory infections in children, often leading to croup. Educationally, understanding the common pathogens causing respiratory illnesses in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses caring for children. By differentiating between these viruses, nurses can provide appropriate care, implement infection control measures, and educate families on prevention strategies. This knowledge helps in the accurate assessment and management of pediatric respiratory disorders, ultimately improving patient outcomes.