The Denver II assesses the development of children from birth to 6 years of age, it includes the following domains EXCEPT

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) intelligence. The Denver II developmental screening tool assesses children from birth to 6 years in the domains of language, gross motor skills, and personal-social skills. Intelligence is not specifically assessed by the Denver II tool as it focuses more on developmental milestones across various domains rather than measuring cognitive intelligence. This is why option B is the correct answer. Option A, language, is included in the Denver II assessment to evaluate a child's language development. Option C, gross motor skills, is essential to assess a child's physical development and motor coordination. Option D, personal-social skills, evaluates a child's ability to interact with others and develop social relationships. In an educational context, understanding the domains assessed by developmental screening tools like the Denver II is crucial for pediatric nurses to identify any developmental delays or concerns early on. By recognizing the importance of each domain, nurses can provide appropriate support and interventions to promote optimal development in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) colic. Colic is a common condition in infants under 3 months old, characterized by excessive crying and fussiness, often worse in the evening. This can disrupt sleep patterns, leading to sleeping difficulties in the first 2 months of life. Colic is not a serious medical condition but can be distressing for both the baby and the parents. Option A) gastro-esophageal reflux can also cause sleeping difficulties in infants, but it is less common in the first 2 months of life compared to colic. Reflux is more commonly seen around 4-6 months of age. Option C) formula intolerance can lead to digestive issues such as gas, bloating, and discomfort, but it is less likely to be the most common cause of sleeping difficulty in the first 2 months of life compared to colic. Option D) developmentally self-resolving sleeping behavior refers to normal changes in infants' sleep patterns as they grow and develop. While this can cause some variations in sleep, it is not the most common cause of sleeping difficulty in the first 2 months of life. Educationally, it is important for pediatric nurses to understand the common causes of sleeping difficulties in infants to provide appropriate care and support to both the baby and the parents. Recognizing and addressing issues like colic can help improve the overall well-being of the infant and promote better sleep patterns for the whole family.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: In this question, the correct answer is B) 3 months. At around 3 months of age, infants typically achieve early head control with a bobbing motion when pulled to sit. This milestone is an important indicator of the infant's developing neck and upper body strength, which are crucial for future motor skills and developmental milestones. Option A) 2 months is incorrect because at this age, infants are still developing their head control and are not typically able to exhibit the described bobbing motion when pulled to sit. Option C) 4 months is incorrect because by this age, infants should have already achieved early head control and be able to demonstrate the bobbing motion when pulled to sit. Option D) 6 months is incorrect as infants should have developed more advanced head and neck control by this age, surpassing the early head control stage described in the question. Understanding these developmental milestones is crucial for pediatric nurses as it helps them monitor and assess the growth and development of infants accurately. Recognizing these milestones can also aid in early identification of any potential developmental delays, allowing for timely interventions and support for the infant and their family.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) molar at 6 years. The first permanent tooth to erupt in a child is typically the first molar, which usually appears around the age of 6. This is considered a landmark event in a child's dental development. Central incisors typically erupt around 6-7 years of age, not as the first permanent tooth. Premolars and canines generally erupt later in the mixed dentition stage, not as the first permanent tooth. Upper canines typically erupt around 9-10 years of age, again not as the first permanent tooth. Understanding the sequence of tooth eruption is crucial for pediatric nurses as they play a vital role in educating children and parents about dental health. Knowing the typical age range for the eruption of different teeth helps in monitoring children's dental growth and identifying any potential issues early on. This knowledge allows for early intervention and preventive care to promote optimal oral health in children.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Duchenne muscular dystrophy. This progressive genetic disorder primarily affects boys and is characterized by muscle weakness that typically begins in early childhood. The presentation of difficulty in rising from a sitting position, calf muscle hypertrophy, and a trendelenburg gait are classic signs of Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Option A) Becker's muscular dystrophy is a milder form of muscular dystrophy compared to Duchenne and typically presents later in childhood or adolescence, with a slower progression of symptoms. The absence of severe muscle weakness and early onset in this case make Becker's less likely. Option C) Myotonic muscular dystrophy is a separate genetic disorder characterized by muscle stiffness and myotonia, which is a delayed relaxation of muscles after contraction. The symptoms described in the question do not align with the typical presentation of myotonic muscular dystrophy. Option D) Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and posture. While it can also present with difficulty in walking and abnormal gait patterns, the hypertrophy of calf muscles seen in the question is not a typical feature of cerebral palsy. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations and key features of various neuromuscular disorders is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide timely and appropriate care. Recognizing the specific signs and symptoms of Duchenne muscular dystrophy can lead to early intervention and management to improve the quality of life for affected children.