ATI RN
Cardiovascular System Questions and Answers Questions
Question 1 of 5
The correct sequence for blood entering the heart through the venae cavae and leaving through the aorta is:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Blood enters via the venae cavae into the right atrium, flows to the right ventricle, is pumped to the lungs, returns to the left atrium via pulmonary veins, then enters the left ventricle, and exits through the aorta. This reflects normal adult circulation.
Question 2 of 5
Substances exchanged at the capillary level move through the capillary walls primarily by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Diffusion is the primary mechanism for exchange in capillaries, driven by concentration gradients (e.g., oxygen, CO2). Filtration and osmosis contribute to fluid movement, but diffusion dominates for most substances.
Question 3 of 5
A client has been prescribed a new medication and was told that it was to reduce the risk of developing fatty plaques in the arteries. The client asks how arteries and veins differ. The nurse should explain that arteries:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Arteries carry blood away from the heart, distinguishing them from veins, which return blood to the heart. Arteries vary in size (some larger than veins, e.g., aorta), and they supply the whole body, not just the heart (coronary arteries are a subset).
Question 4 of 5
Among the blood tests ordered was a differential count; this test:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A differential count measures the percentage of each type of leukocyte (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes) per 100 white blood cells, assessing immune status. RBC and platelet counts are separate tests.
Question 5 of 5
Insufficient vitamin B₁₂ in the body may result in:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia due to impaired RBC maturation (often from lack of intrinsic factor). Nutritional anemia is broader, aplastic anemia affects marrow, and embolus is unrelated.