The contraceptive method with the highest failure rate even with perfect use is

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is C) spermicides. Spermicides have the highest failure rate among contraceptive methods, even with perfect use, due to their reliance on user application accuracy. Spermicides need to be applied correctly before each act of intercourse to be effective, making them more prone to human error compared to other methods. The progestin-releasing intrauterine device (A) and progestin-only injection (B) are highly effective contraceptive methods with lower failure rates as they do not require daily user compliance. These methods provide long-acting protection against pregnancy. Male condoms (D) are also effective when used consistently and correctly. However, their failure rate is lower compared to spermicides due to their physical barrier mechanism that helps prevent sperm from reaching the egg. In an educational context, understanding the efficacy and failure rates of different contraceptive methods is crucial for healthcare providers, especially in pediatric nursing. By knowing the nuances of each method, nurses can provide accurate information to adolescents and their families, helping them make informed decisions about their reproductive health and contraceptive choices. It also emphasizes the importance of proper education and counseling on contraceptive use to prevent unintended pregnancies and promote safe sexual practices.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In the context of pediatric nursing, understanding risk factors for neonatal sepsis is crucial for providing effective care to newborns. The correct answer is D) low birth weight. Low birth weight infants are more vulnerable to infections due to their underdeveloped immune systems and are at a higher risk for neonatal sepsis. A) Maternal diabetes is not directly linked to neonatal sepsis. While diabetes can increase the risk of certain complications during pregnancy, it is not a primary risk factor for neonatal sepsis. B) Maternal hypertension, similarly to diabetes, does not directly contribute to neonatal sepsis. While it can lead to other maternal and fetal complications, it is not a specific risk factor for neonatal sepsis. C) Advanced maternal age is not a direct risk factor for neonatal sepsis. While older maternal age can be associated with certain pregnancy-related complications, it is not a primary factor in the development of neonatal sepsis. Educationally, it is important for nursing students to understand the specific risk factors for neonatal sepsis to provide targeted care and interventions for at-risk newborns. By knowing which factors contribute to neonatal sepsis, nurses can actively monitor and prevent infections in vulnerable neonates, ultimately improving patient outcomes.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the first 2 months of life, a febrile, previously full-term infant is more likely to have sepsis caused by group B streptococci (Option A). This is because group B streptococci are a common cause of early-onset sepsis in neonates, often acquired during birth from the mother's genital tract. It is crucial to identify and treat this promptly to prevent serious complications like meningitis, pneumonia, and sepsis. Option B, pharyngitis caused by group A streptococci, is less likely in this age group as infants are less prone to throat infections compared to older children and adults. Option C, meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, is also less common in the first 2 months of life and is more prevalent in older children and adolescents. Option D, urinary tract infection caused by Staphylococcus epidermidis, is rare in neonates and infants without underlying conditions predisposing them to UTIs. This question is important for pediatric nursing exam preparation as it highlights the unique susceptibilities of neonates to certain infections based on age and developmental factors. Understanding the common pathogens and clinical presentations in different age groups is crucial for providing effective and timely care to pediatric patients.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the outpatient management of a minor burn involving less than 10% body surface area, the correct answer is C) begin prophylactic penicillin. The rationale behind this is that prophylactic antibiotics are not routinely recommended for minor burns as they do not significantly reduce infection rates and can contribute to antibiotic resistance. Option A) applying silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) is a common practice for managing burns as it helps prevent infection and promotes healing. Option B) applying bacitracin is also a suitable topical antibiotic ointment for minor burns. Option D) leaving blisters intact is generally recommended as they act as a natural barrier against infection and aid in the healing process. However, if the blister is large, causing discomfort, or at risk of rupturing, it may need to be drained under sterile conditions. In an educational context, it is crucial for healthcare providers to stay updated on evidence-based practices in managing burns to ensure the best outcomes for patients. Understanding the rationale behind each option helps in making informed clinical decisions and providing optimal care to pediatric patients with minor burns.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is C) The chin lift is the desired method for opening the airway in traumatized children. Explanation: - The chin lift maneuver is not recommended in trauma situations as it can exacerbate spinal cord injuries. Instead, the jaw thrust maneuver should be used to open the airway in traumatized children to avoid further harm. Why others are wrong: - A) Chest compressions in infants are performed just below the nipple line, not a fingerbreadth below the intermammary line. - B) The ratio of compressions to ventilations during CPR for infants is 3:1, not 5:1. - D) Effective chest compressions may not always result in a palpable central pulse due to various factors like peripheral vasoconstriction. Educational context: Understanding the correct techniques for basic life support in pediatric patients is crucial for healthcare providers to ensure optimal outcomes during emergencies. Proper training and knowledge of age-specific guidelines are essential to deliver effective care and prevent further harm in pediatric patients.