The composition of the peritoneal dialysate solution requires careful monitoring of the patient who also has

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: High-glucose dialysate risks hyperglycemia in diabetes not liver (metabolism), heart (fluid), or lung (respiratory) issues primarily. This distinguishes glucose monitoring, key for diabetic PD patients, contrasting with other comorbidities.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In purine synthesis, nitrogen at position 1 comes from aspartate (via adenylosuccinate), not alanine, glutamate, or glycine (other positions). This distinguishes purine biosynthesis, critical for nucleotide metabolism, contrasting with amino acid roles.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Kidney hilum aligns with L1 vertebra, where renal vessels enter not thoracic or lower lumbar levels. This distinguishes renal anatomical position, vital for surgical/radiologic context, contrasting with spinal misplacements.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Pyonephrosis is pus-filled (suppurative) pyelonephritis with hydronephrosis (dilated pelvis), typically acute not chronic or non-suppurative. This distinguishes infectious obstruction, critical for urgent intervention, contrasting with chronicity.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Randall plaques, linked to idiopathic calcium stones, originate at the basement membrane of thin loops of Henle calcium phosphate deposits form here, eroding into the papilla, nucleating stones. Proximal tubule handles reabsorption, not plaque formation wrong segment. Terminal collecting ducts manage urine concentration, not initial plaque sites distal process. Medullary interstitium surrounds tubules but isn't the precise origin too vague. Thin loop basement membrane's role distinguishes it, key to early stone pathogenesis in hypercalciuria, unlike other renal regions.