The component of development that programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell is ____________.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In the context of pharmacology and maternal monitoring during labor, understanding the role of DNA in genetic programming is crucial. The correct answer is A) DNA. DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid, is the molecule that carries the genetic instructions for the development, functioning, growth, and reproduction of all living organisms. During development, DNA programs the genetic code into the nucleus of the cell, guiding the synthesis of proteins and ultimately determining the traits and characteristics of an individual. Option B) Plastoderm is incorrect because plastoderm refers to the protective outer layer of plant cells and is not involved in genetic programming in the nucleus of animal cells. Option C) Haploid is incorrect as it refers to a cell containing a single set of chromosomes, which is relevant in the context of gametes and sexual reproduction but not specifically in programming the genetic code into the nucleus. Option D) Endoderm is incorrect as it is one of the three primary germ layers in the early embryo that gives rise to internal organs, not involved in genetic programming at the cellular level. Educationally, understanding the central role of DNA in genetic programming provides a foundation for grasping concepts such as pharmacogenomics, which explores how an individual's genetic makeup influences their response to drugs. This knowledge is essential for pharmacologists and healthcare professionals involved in maternal monitoring during labor to make informed decisions regarding drug therapy based on genetic factors.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C) Reactive. In a nonstress test (NST), a reactive result indicates a healthy fetus. A reactive NST is characterized by the presence of two or more fetal heart rate accelerations of 15 or more beats per minute (BPM) with fetal movement in a 20-minute period. This pattern suggests that the fetal central nervous system is intact and the fetus is not experiencing significant hypoxia. Option A) Positive is incorrect because a positive result in an NST typically refers to an abnormal finding suggestive of fetal distress or hypoxia. Option B) Negative is incorrect because a negative result in an NST indicates that the test criteria for a reactive result have not been met, which may warrant further evaluation but does not necessarily indicate fetal distress. Option D) Nonreactive is incorrect as it describes a result where the test criteria for a reactive NST are not met, suggesting the need for additional monitoring or evaluation but not necessarily indicating fetal distress. In the context of maternal monitoring during labor, understanding the interpretation of fetal monitoring tests like the NST is crucial for assessing fetal well-being and making timely clinical decisions. A reactive NST provides reassurance regarding fetal status and may help guide obstetric management during labor.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B) Fetal bradycardia. Percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) is an invasive procedure where a needle is inserted into the umbilical cord to obtain fetal blood for various diagnostic tests. This procedure carries a risk of causing fetal bradycardia, which is a decrease in the fetal heart rate. Fetal bradycardia can be a serious complication during labor and delivery as it can lead to fetal distress and compromise the baby's oxygen supply, necessitating prompt intervention to prevent further complications. Option A) Postdates pregnancy is incorrect because it is not directly related to percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Option C) Placenta previa is also incorrect as it is a condition where the placenta is low-lying and covers part or all of the cervix, which is not typically associated with PUBS. Option D) Uterine rupture is incorrect as it is a rare but serious complication of childbirth where the uterine wall tears, often during labor, and is not directly caused by percutaneous umbilical blood sampling. Educationally, understanding the potential complications of procedures like PUBS is crucial for healthcare providers involved in maternal monitoring during labor. It enables them to anticipate and respond promptly to any adverse events that may arise, ensuring the safety and well-being of both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: In the context of maternal monitoring during labor, the correct answer is C) Do you ever drink alcohol? This question is important because alcohol consumption during pregnancy can have significant adverse effects on both the mother and the developing fetus. It can lead to complications such as fetal alcohol syndrome, preterm birth, low birth weight, and developmental issues in the baby. Option A) What are the ages of your children? While understanding the ages of the children is important for comprehensive care, it is not directly related to the need for health teaching in a prenatal multigravida. Option B) What is your marital status? Marital status may have some relevance in assessing social support and potential stressors, but it is not as crucial as addressing alcohol consumption during pregnancy. Option D) Do you have any allergies? While knowing about allergies is essential for providing safe care, it is not directly linked to the specific health teaching needs of a prenatal multigravida. Educationally, this question emphasizes the importance of addressing alcohol use during pregnancy as a critical component of prenatal care. It highlights the nurse's role in educating pregnant individuals about the risks associated with alcohol consumption and promoting a healthy pregnancy for both the mother and the baby.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct response, "B) Would you please describe what you felt for me?" is appropriate for several reasons. Firstly, it demonstrates active listening and encourages the patient to express her feelings, fostering a trusting nurse-patient relationship. This approach allows the nurse to gather specific information about the patient's experience, which is crucial for assessing fetal well-being and providing appropriate care during pregnancy. Option A is incorrect because it assumes the baby's health based on fetal movement alone, which can be misleading. Option C is incorrect as it dismisses the patient's experience, potentially causing the patient to feel unheard or misunderstood. Option D is inappropriate because it puts the onus on the patient to allow the nurse to feel the baby, which may not be comfortable or necessary at this stage of pregnancy. In an educational context, this question highlights the importance of effective communication and patient-centered care in maternal monitoring during pregnancy. It emphasizes the significance of listening to patients, gathering information, and providing appropriate support and guidance based on individual needs and experiences. Such skills are essential for nurses to ensure optimal maternal and fetal outcomes during pregnancy.