Correct Answer: A

Rationale: This statement indicates a need for additional teaching because in a client with preeclampsia, dark and reduced urine output could be a sign of kidney involvement and impaired kidney function. In preeclampsia, monitoring urine output, particularly for signs of proteinuria, is crucial as it can indicate worsening of the condition and potential damage to the kidneys. Therefore, the client should be educated that changes in urine color and amount should be reported to the healthcare provider promptly.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication in critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). One of the primary interventions to reduce the risk of AKI is to maintain adequate fluid volume and cardiac output. Adequate hydration and adequate perfusion pressure are essential for renal function. Maintaining fluid volume and adequate cardiac output ensure that the kidneys receive enough blood flow and oxygen to function optimally. Conversely, inadequate fluid volume or low cardiac output can lead to decreased renal perfusion, predisposing the patient to AKI. Monitoring and optimizing fluid status and cardiac output are crucial in preventing AKI in high-risk patients in the ICU.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B. The statement "I need to use a soft toothbrush and an electric razor to avoid injuries" indicates that the client understands the importance of preventive measures to minimize bleeding risks while on anticoagulant therapy. Using a soft toothbrush and an electric razor can help prevent accidental cuts that may lead to bleeding complications. It shows the client's understanding of the need to take precautions to avoid potential harm while on long-term anticoagulant therapy. The other statements do not directly address safety measures to prevent bleeding complications associated with anticoagulant therapy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: A. Assess for allergies to seafood or iodine: It is essential to assess the patient for allergies to seafood or iodine because contrast material containing iodine is commonly used during an intravenous pyelogram (IVP). Allergic reactions to iodine can range from mild to severe, so assessing for allergies is crucial for patient safety.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Breaking the information into small sessions to enhance learning is the most effective approach when organizing the teaching experience for a client with a new permanent colostomy. This allows for better retention of information as the client can focus on a few key points at a time and then progressively build upon that knowledge. By breaking the information into smaller sessions, the nurse can ensure that the client fully understands each aspect of colostomy care before moving on to the next topic. This method promotes better understanding, leads to improved compliance with care instructions, and ultimately contributes to better outcomes for the client.