The community health nurse is teaching parents about prevention of the spread and reoccurrence of pediculosis (head lice). Which should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.)

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Rationale: The correct answer is A) Dry clean nonwashable items. This is an effective method to prevent the spread and reoccurrence of pediculosis because lice cannot survive the dry cleaning process. By cleaning nonwashable items in this manner, parents can ensure that any lice or eggs present on these items are eliminated. Option B) Spray the environment with an insecticide is incorrect because using insecticides in the environment can be harmful to children, pets, and the environment. It is not recommended as a preventive measure for pediculosis. Option C) Seal nonwashable items in a plastic bag for 5 days is incorrect because lice can only survive for about 1-2 days without a human host. Sealing items for 5 days is unnecessary and may not be an effective method of preventing the spread of lice. Option D) Boil combs and brushes for 10 minutes is incorrect because while heat can kill lice and their eggs, boiling combs and brushes for 10 minutes may damage the items. It is more practical and effective to clean combs and brushes with hot water and soap or by soaking them in rubbing alcohol. In an educational context, it is essential to provide evidence-based and safe strategies for preventing and managing pediculosis. Teaching parents about safe and effective methods, such as dry cleaning nonwashable items and proper cleaning of combs and brushes, empowers them to take practical steps to prevent the spread and reoccurrence of head lice in their children.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct information the nurse should provide to the parents is that no treatment is usually necessary for a strawberry hemangioma because of the high rate of spontaneous involution. Strawberry hemangiomas are common vascular tumors in infants that typically appear in the first few weeks of life. They usually grow rapidly for the first several months and then begin to shrink and eventually disappear on their own. In most cases, the hemangioma resolves without the need for any intervention. Therefore, reassuring the parents that observation is the primary management approach is important, unless complications such as ulceration, bleeding, or obstruction occur.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Breastfeeding-associated jaundice typically first appears in a normal newborn between 2 to 4 days after birth. This type of jaundice is usually mild and is caused by insufficient milk intake, leading to decreased bilirubin elimination. It is important for healthcare providers to monitor the baby's weight and ensure adequate feeding to prevent or address breastfeeding-associated jaundice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most common cause of anemia in preterm newborns is frequent blood sampling. Preterm infants are often subject to numerous blood tests for various reasons such as monitoring oxygen and blood gas levels, assessing bilirubin levels, infection screening, and more. These repeated blood withdrawals lead to a loss of red blood cells and can contribute to the development of anemia in preterm infants. Anemia in preterm newborns can have significant consequences, including impaired growth and development, delayed hospital discharge, and the potential need for blood transfusions. Therefore, minimizing unnecessary blood sampling and utilizing non-invasive monitoring methods whenever possible are key strategies in preventing and managing anemia in preterm newborns.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: In assessing a preterm newborn, it is crucial to recognize physical characteristics that are typical of prematurity. In this case, option A, "Abundant lanugo over the body," is consistent with prematurity. Lanugo, the fine hair covering the body of a preterm infant, is a characteristic feature due to the underdeveloped skin and subcutaneous fat in premature babies. Option B, "Ear cartilage soft and pliable," is not indicative of prematurity. Soft and pliable ear cartilage is a normal finding in newborns, regardless of gestational age. Option C, "Flexed body posture," is commonly seen in preterm newborns due to their decreased muscle tone and immature nervous system. This posture reflects their intrauterine positioning and is a sign of prematurity. Option D, "Deep creases on the sole of the foot," are more commonly seen in full-term infants rather than preterm newborns. Full-term infants tend to have well-defined creases on the soles of their feet due to the normal maturation process during gestation. Understanding these physical characteristics is vital for healthcare professionals working with preterm infants as it helps in accurate assessment, monitoring, and providing appropriate care tailored to the specific needs of these vulnerable newborns.