The community health nurse is looking for a way to improve heart health. Within the framework of the SDOH and upstream thinking, what contributing factor to improving heart health would the nurse most likely focus on within the community?

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Unhealthy diet. This is because poor dietary habits directly impact heart health by increasing the risk of conditions like high blood pressure and high cholesterol. By focusing on promoting a healthy diet within the community, the nurse can address a key contributing factor to improving heart health. Other choices are incorrect because: A: Vaping may be harmful to health, but it is not a primary contributing factor to heart health compared to diet. B: Low levels of physical activity are important, but diet has a stronger impact on heart health. C: Lack of safe places to exercise is important for physical activity, but diet plays a more significant role in heart health.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: The geographic distribution of health care providers. This is because the availability of health care providers in a certain area directly impacts the accessibility of health care services for the population. States with higher rates of health care providers are more likely to have better access to regular health care. Choice A (Differences in health literacy rates) is incorrect because while health literacy can impact access to health care, the presence of health care providers is a more direct factor influencing access. Choice C (The income requirements for Medicaid eligibility) is incorrect as it pertains to eligibility for a specific healthcare program rather than the availability of health care providers. Choice D (Availability of public transportation) is incorrect as it may impact access to health care services indirectly but is not as direct a factor as the geographic distribution of health care providers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Institutional racism. Institutional racism refers to policies, practices, and procedures within organizations or institutions that systematically benefit one racial group over another. In this scenario, the policies that work better for white people unintentionally perpetuate advantages for them, while disadvantaging people of color. This is not due to individual prejudices, as in A, but rather ingrained within the systems themselves. Option C, Structural racism, is similar to institutional racism but focuses on the broader societal structures. Option D, Anti-Indigenous racism, specifically targets Indigenous communities and is not the most suitable term to describe the situation described in the question.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Healthy immigrant effect. This phenomenon refers to the initial good health status of immigrants upon arrival in a new country, which then declines over time due to various factors such as acculturation, stress, and changes in lifestyle. This is supported by research showing that immigrants often have better health outcomes upon arrival compared to their host country's population. Choice A, color coded health care, is incorrect as it does not relate to the concept of health changes among immigrants. Choice C, racialization, is also incorrect as it pertains to the process of attributing certain characteristics to a particular race, not the health patterns of immigrants. Choice D, individual racism, is not relevant to the scenario described in the question.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D (90%) because Nunavut has some of the highest rates of food insecurity in Canada due to high food prices, limited access to affordable and nutritious food, and economic challenges. This percentage represents a significant portion of households experiencing food insecurity in Nunavut. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they underestimate the severity of the issue based on available data and research.