The community health nurse (CHN) who is working with women at the senior citizens' centre reminds them that the only way the centre will be able to afford a driver and a van service for those who cannot drive themselves is to continue to write letters to their local city council

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because the CHN is empowering the women to engage in political action by writing letters to the local city council to advocate for the needed service. This action can bring about systemic change and address the transportation issue on a larger scale. Choice A is incorrect as it does not capture the advocacy and empowerment aspect of the CHN's actions. Choice B is incorrect as it assumes the CHN is avoiding responsibility when in fact she is guiding the women towards a solution. Choice C is incorrect as understanding the concerns and needs of the women is important but the primary focus here is on taking action to address the issue through political means.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because starting a rehabilitation clinic for middle-aged adults residing in low-income housing represents secondary prevention. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat health conditions early to prevent progression and complications. In this case, the rehabilitation clinic would provide services to address existing health issues and prevent further deterioration. A: Administering the influenza vaccine is an example of primary prevention, aimed at preventing the onset of disease. B: Initiating an infant car seat safety screening program is an example of primary prevention, focused on preventing injuries. D: Setting up a support group for teenage mothers is more of a tertiary prevention approach, which aims to manage and minimize the impact of existing health conditions.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because primary health care emphasizes providing essential care that is universally accessible to all individuals in a community. This definition aligns with the core principles of primary health care established by the World Health Organization, which include accessibility, affordability, comprehensiveness, and community participation. The other choices are incorrect because: A: While collaboration among health care providers is important in primary health care, it is not the defining feature of primary health care. D: Primary health care focuses on addressing the health needs of all individuals in a community, regardless of their socioeconomic status, rather than only those who can afford health-promoting behaviors.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D because religious orders were the first to establish hospitals with the primary purpose of caring for the sick, poor, and neglected. They viewed it as a moral duty to provide healthcare and humanitarian aid. This aligns with the historical development of hospitals, where institutions such as monasteries and religious orders played a crucial role in providing medical care and shelter to those in need. A, B, and C are incorrect because they do not accurately represent the historical context of the establishment of hospitals. Feudal lords did not create hospitals to keep their workers productive, small towns did not establish hospitals solely for their citizens, and the military did not primarily set up hospitals to ensure soldiers could continue fighting. These choices lack the humanitarian and altruistic motives that drove religious orders to pioneer the concept of hospitals.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A because it accurately describes the transition of public health nurses (PHNs) from working in specialized areas to becoming generalists. PHNs did not provide bedside nursing care in the home like community health nurses or visiting nurses. Therefore, choice A reflects this shift in responsibilities for PHNs. Choice B is incorrect because it provides unrelated information about cognitive level and safe and effective care environment, which is not relevant to the question. Choices C and D are blank, so they do not contribute any information or rationale to address the question.