The community health nurse (CHN) has arranged for students in all classes at the local school to receive visual acuity testing to determine if they need glasses. What is the level of prevention represented by this activity?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Primary prevention. This activity is focused on preventing vision problems before they occur, making it a primary prevention measure. By conducting visual acuity testing for all students, the CHN aims to identify potential issues early on and provide interventions to promote eye health. Secondary prevention (B) would involve early detection and treatment of existing vision problems, while tertiary prevention (C) would focus on managing and reducing the impact of already diagnosed vision issues. Choice D is incorrect because the activity is primarily aimed at preventing vision problems rather than detecting and treating existing ones.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Psychosocial hazards. Employees working in two-week shifts are more prone to psychosocial hazards such as stress, fatigue, and social isolation due to disrupted sleep patterns and lack of work-life balance. This can lead to mental health issues and decreased job performance. Biological hazards (A), environmental hazards (B), and physical hazards (C) are less likely to be significantly impacted by the specific work schedule and are not as directly related to the challenges faced by employees working in two-week shifts.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Absence of culturally appropriate care. Mexican migrant farm workers are more likely to face this barrier due to language differences, cultural beliefs, and lack of understanding of their unique needs. This can lead to miscommunication, lack of trust, and inadequate care. Option B, availability of specialists, may not be a specific barrier for Mexican migrant farm workers. Option C, distance of health care facilities, is a common barrier for rural residents in general. Option D, lack of anonymity, is not necessarily a significant barrier specific to Mexican migrant farm workers.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because drafting policies for increases in noncompetitive physical activity programs aligns with primary prevention efforts by promoting exercise at a community level. This approach targets a wider population and aims to prevent weight-related issues from occurring in the first place. A is incorrect because developing individualized exercise programs for overweight children is more of a secondary prevention strategy rather than primary prevention. C is incorrect as monitoring body mass index in children is important but falls under early detection rather than primary prevention. D is incorrect as notifying parents of their child's height-weight scale in comparison with national norms is more about raising awareness rather than implementing primary prevention strategies.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Health promotion focuses on enabling increased control over determinants of health, such as individual behaviors, social and economic factors, and environmental conditions. This empowers individuals and communities to make healthier choices and improve overall health outcomes. Choice A is incorrect as it confuses health promotion with quality assurance in healthcare. Choice D is incorrect as it describes healthcare delivery, not health promotion. Choice B is incorrect as it does not provide any relevant information about the distinction between health promotion and health protection.