ATI RN
Urinary System Multiple Choice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The commonest type of ureteric calculus is
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Calcium oxalate is the commonest ureteric stone ~70-80% (e.g., hypercalciuria), metabolic driver. Triple phosphate (struvite) ties to infection less frequent. Urate (~10%) and cysteine (rare, genetic) minority. Oxalate's prevalence distinguishes it, critical for stone epidemiology, unlike infection or metabolic rarities.
Question 2 of 5
All of the following are risk factors for UTI EXCEPT
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Irregular menses isn't a UTI risk unrelated to urinary tract (e.g., hormonal, not mechanical). Intercourse introduces bacteria proven. Uterine prolapse impairs emptying stasis. Diaphragm/spermicide alter flora E. coli growth. Lack of association distinguishes menses, key to risk factors, unlike mechanical/microbial triggers.
Question 3 of 5
During nucleotide biosynthesis, which of the following contribute to the structure of BOTH purines and pyrimidines?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Glutamine donates nitrogen to both purines (N3, N9) and pyrimidines (amide), unlike aspartic acid (purines), glutamic acid (indirect), or glycine (purines). This specifies nucleotide synthesis, key for DNA/RNA, contrasting with limited contributors.
Question 4 of 5
When GFR fall, the Na excretion will :
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Decreased GFR reduces Na+ filtration, lowering excretion not increasing or unchanged. This links GFR to sodium handling, key for fluid balance, contrasting with compensatory misconceptions.
Question 5 of 5
A female infant, age 2 years, has a fever and bloody urine. Microscopic examination of the urine reveals red blood cells and neutrophils but no casts. The most likely diagnosis is:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever, hematuria, and neutrophils without casts suggest acute cystitis (infection), not RCC (adults), stones (obstruction), glomerulonephritis (casts), or polycystic kidney (chronic). This aligns with pediatric UTI, key for rapid treatment, contrasting with neoplastic or chronic conditions.