The commonest cause of acute glomerulonephritis is

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: IgA nephropathy (Berger's) is the commonest glomerulonephritis chronic, frequent acute flares (e.g., post-viral hematuria), outpacing post-strep (episodic), Goodpasture's (rare), and SLE (systemic). IgA's global burden distinguishes it, key to GN prevalence, unlike less frequent or severe forms.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Thiazides inhibit Na+/Cl- cotransporter in the DCT, promoting diuresis, not stimulating it or affecting the loop of Henle (furosemide's site). This distinguishes thiazide's action, key for hypertension treatment, contrasting with loop diuretics or stimulatory misconceptions.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Genitofemoral nerve emerges anteriorly from psoas major, unlike iliohypogastric/ilioinguinal (lateral), femoral (lateral/posterior), or lumbosacral trunk (medial). This specifies lumbar plexus anatomy, vital for surgical approaches, contrasting with other trajectories.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Hyperaldosteronism increases K+ excretion, causing hypokalemia not acidosis (hyperkalemia), insulin deficiency, or beta blockers (minimal effect). This links aldosterone to potassium, critical for endocrine-renal interplay, contrasting with other conditions.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Urine acidification (H+ secretion) peaks in the collecting duct via intercalated cells not PCT, DCT, or ascending loop (diluting). This specifies pH regulation site, critical for acid-base, contrasting with earlier segments.