ATI RN
Endocrine System MCQ Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The clusters of cells in the pancreas that produce hormones are the:
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Islets of Langerhans, pancreatic endocrine clusters, produce hormones (insulin, glucagon) for glucose regulation. 'Nodules' isn't specific pancreas lacks this term. Pancreas has no medulla or cortex (adrenal terms) it's mixed endocrine-exocrine. Islets' distinct cellular groups (alpha, beta) distinguish them, critical for metabolic control, unlike vague or misapplied anatomical labels.
Question 2 of 5
Most of the endocrine system is regulated by:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Negative feedback, where hormone levels inhibit further release (e.g., T4 suppressing TSH), stabilizes the endocrine system. Positive feedback (e.g., oxytocin in labor) is rare, and complexes describe mechanisms, not regulation. Negative feedback's prevalence distinguishes endocrine control, critical for homeostasis, contrasting with amplifying loops.
Question 3 of 5
Which of the following has both endocrine and exocrine functions?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The pancreas has exocrine (digestive enzymes via ducts) and endocrine (insulin, glucagon into blood) roles. Anterior pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal medulla are solely endocrine. This dual function distinguishes the pancreas, vital for digestion and glucose control, contrasting with pure endocrine glands.
Question 4 of 5
Which gland secretes adrenaline?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is secreted by the adrenal glands' medulla, atop the kidneys, triggering the fight-or-flight response by elevating heart rate and glucose availability. The thyroid produces thyroxine for metabolism, the pineal melatonin for sleep neither secrete adrenaline. 'More than one' is invalid as adrenaline is adrenal-specific. This gland's role in acute stress responses distinguishes it, key to survival mechanisms, contrasting with metabolic or circadian regulators.
Question 5 of 5
The hormone that prepares the body for quick action in an emergency is secreted by which of the following glands?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Adrenaline, from the adrenal medulla, prepares the body for emergencies by accelerating heart rate, dilating airways, and mobilizing glucose 'fight or flight.' Pineal (melatonin) aids sleep, pituitary (GH, ACTH) regulates long-term, pancreas (insulin) manages sugar not rapid action. Adrenal's acute stress response distinguishes it, vital for survival, contrasting with metabolic or sleep hormones.