The clue to need a help for a child who does not respond correctly to 'Give me' or 'Sit down' or 'Come here' when spoken without gestural cues is by age of

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D) 24 months. At this age, children should be able to understand and respond to simple verbal commands without the need for gestural cues. By 24 months, most children have developed receptive language skills to follow basic instructions like 'Give me,' 'Sit down,' or 'Come here.' Option A) 15 months is too early to expect a child to consistently follow these verbal commands without gestural cues. Option B) 18 months may still be within the range where some children may not consistently respond to verbal commands alone. Option C) 21 months is also on the younger side for consistent understanding and compliance with such instructions. In an educational context, understanding typical developmental milestones in language and communication is crucial for healthcare professionals working with pediatric patients. Recognizing when a child may be delayed in their language development can help inform interventions and support services to promote optimal growth and development.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is D) responds to his/her name. At 15 months, a toddler should be able to respond to their name when called. This is a key developmental milestone that demonstrates social awareness and language comprehension. Option A) walks alone is a normal developmental milestone typically achieved around 12-15 months of age. Option B) makes a tower of 3 cubes is also a typical milestone for a 15-month-old, demonstrating fine motor skills and hand-eye coordination. Option C) inserts raisin in a bottle is a fine motor skill that may be challenging for a 15-month-old but is still within the realm of normal development. Understanding developmental milestones is crucial for healthcare providers working with pediatric patients. By recognizing what is typical for a child's age, healthcare professionals can identify potential delays or concerns early on and provide appropriate interventions or referrals. It is important to educate caregivers about these milestones so they can support their child's development and seek help if needed.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) the prevalence of the disease for those population is 1.48%. This statement is incorrect because the prevalence of the disease is not calculated based on the results of the screening test but on the total number of individuals in the population who actually have the disease, regardless of the test results. Option B) the sensitivity of the test is 67% is correct because sensitivity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those with the disease (true positive rate). Option C) the specificity of the test is 91% is correct because specificity measures the ability of the test to correctly identify those without the disease (true negative rate). Option D) the positive predictive value is 20% is correct because positive predictive value indicates the probability that individuals with a positive test result actually have the disease. Educationally, understanding these concepts is crucial for healthcare professionals to interpret diagnostic test results accurately and make informed decisions regarding patient care. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values are essential parameters in evaluating the performance of diagnostic tests and are fundamental in clinical practice.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A) an early sign of empathy development. When infants cry in response to another infant's cry, it demonstrates their ability to understand and share the emotions of others, which is a foundational aspect of empathy. This behavior reflects the infant's growing capacity to recognize and respond to the emotional cues of those around them, an important milestone in social and emotional development. Option B) a sign of good hearing is incorrect because the behavior described in the question is related to emotional response rather than auditory perception. Option C) a startle reflex is also incorrect as the scenario does not align with the typical characteristics of a startle reflex, which is a sudden, involuntary response to a loud or unexpected stimulus. Option D) an early sign of fear development is not supported by the context provided in the question, as the behavior of crying in response to another infant's cry is more indicative of empathetic concern rather than fear. In an educational context, understanding early signs of empathy development in infants is crucial for healthcare professionals, especially those working in pediatric care. Recognizing and nurturing empathy in healthcare providers is essential for building strong, trusting relationships with patients and delivering compassionate care. By understanding the psychological development of empathy from infancy, healthcare professionals can better support the emotional needs of their pediatric patients and families.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The most appropriate investigation to clinch the diagnosis in this scenario is option A) Bone marrow aspiration. In a 10-year-old girl presenting with fever, bruises, pallor, low Hb, low TLC, and low platelets, the clinical picture is suggestive of a hematologic disorder such as aplastic anemia, leukemia, or immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP). Bone marrow aspiration is crucial in diagnosing these conditions as it allows for the assessment of the bone marrow cellularity, morphology, and presence of abnormal cells. In this case, it can help identify the underlying cause of the pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia seen in the patient. The other options (B) Reticulocyte count, (C) Bleeding time, and (D) PT and APTT are not the most appropriate investigations in this context. Reticulocyte count is useful in evaluating bone marrow response to anemia, bleeding time assesses platelet function, and PT and APTT are coagulation studies. However, given the clinical presentation of pancytopenia and thrombocytopenia, bone marrow aspiration is the investigation of choice to determine the underlying hematologic disorder. In an educational context, understanding the rationale behind selecting the appropriate investigation based on the clinical presentation is essential for nurses to provide safe and effective care to pediatric patients. It highlights the importance of critical thinking, clinical reasoning, and evidence-based practice in nursing assessment and decision-making.