ATI RN
Principles of Pharmacology Quizlet Questions
Question 1 of 5
The clinical research nurse knows that only a small proportion of drugs survive the research and development process. An appreciation of the process and associated costs grows when the nurse is aware that approximately one in how many potential drugs is approved by the US Food and Drug Administration?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1000. The approval rate by the FDA is around 1 in 1000 potential drugs. This means that out of a large number of drug candidates, only a very small percentage actually make it through the rigorous research and development process to receive FDA approval. Choice A (100) is too low and would imply a much higher approval rate. Choices C (10,000) and D (100,000) are too high, suggesting an even lower approval rate, which is not the case based on industry standards. Thus, the most accurate representation of the approval rate is 1 in 1000, making option B the correct answer.
Question 2 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the drug-approval process in the United States and learns that the Food and Drug Administration Modernization Act of 1997 contains which provisions? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Review of new drugs is accelerated. The FDA Modernization Act of 1997 aimed to expedite the drug-approval process by streamlining regulations and providing more efficient pathways for approval. This provision allowed for faster review of new drugs to get them to market more quickly. Choice B is incorrect because off-label use of drugs is not specifically addressed in the FDA Modernization Act of 1997. Choice C is incorrect because the privacy of individually identifiable health information is more related to HIPAA regulations rather than the FDA Modernization Act. Choice D is incorrect because the act does not require drug companies to offer advanced notice of plans to discontinue drugs.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse will question the health care provider if a drug with a half-life ( t ½) of more than 24 hours is ordered to be given more than how often?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Once daily. A drug with a half-life of more than 24 hours takes longer to be eliminated from the body. To maintain therapeutic levels and avoid accumulation, the drug should be given less frequently than its half-life. Giving it once daily ensures a consistent level in the body. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they are less frequent dosing intervals than once daily, which could lead to subtherapeutic levels or accumulation of the drug.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is aware that the rate of absorption can be changed by which actions? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Modifying gastric emptying time. Gastric emptying time affects the rate at which drugs are absorbed in the body. Slowing down or speeding up gastric emptying can alter the absorption rate of drugs. Changing gastric pH (choice B) can affect drug solubility but not necessarily absorption rate. Decreasing inflammation (choice C) may impact drug distribution but not absorption. Forming drug complexes (choice D) can affect drug stability but not absorption rate. Therefore, the correct answer is A as it directly influences the rate of drug absorption.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is describing to a patient the synergistic effects of two of his medications. Which statement by the nurse is correct about synergistic drug effects?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: A greater effect is achieved when two drugs are combined. Synergistic effects occur when two drugs work together to produce a greater effect than when used individually. This can lead to enhanced therapeutic benefits or increased side effects. Choice A is incorrect as antagonistic effects refer to drugs that counteract each other's effects. Choice B is incorrect as drug nullification occurs when one drug cancels out the effects of another. Choice C is incorrect as an antidote reverses the effects of a specific drug, not enhances its effects when combined with another.