ATI RN
Cardiovascular Conditions Pediatrics Test Bank Questions Free Nursing Questions
Question 1 of 5
The clinical features of subaortic membrane stenosis can include all, except
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In the context of pediatric cardiovascular conditions, subaortic membrane stenosis is characterized by a narrowing of the left ventricular outflow tract below the aortic valve. The correct answer, option B, "Ejection click," is not typically associated with subaortic membrane stenosis. Option A, "Ejection systolic murmur," is a common clinical feature of subaortic membrane stenosis due to the turbulent blood flow through the narrowed area during systole. Option C, "End-diastolic murmur of aortic regurgitation," can be present due to the increased flow of blood back into the left ventricle. Option D, "Low pulse volume," can be seen in conditions like aortic stenosis but is not a typical feature of subaortic membrane stenosis. Educationally, understanding the specific clinical features of different cardiovascular conditions in pediatric patients is crucial for nurses and healthcare providers to accurately assess, diagnose, and manage these conditions. Recognizing the unique manifestations of each condition aids in providing appropriate care and interventions to optimize patient outcomes.
Question 2 of 5
Through what does the infant born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome acquire oxygenated blood?
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In infants born with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, the correct answer is D) An atrial septal defect, as this condition involves a severely underdeveloped left side of the heart, making it unable to adequately pump oxygenated blood to the body. In this situation, an atrial septal defect allows oxygenated blood from the lungs to mix with deoxygenated blood in the right atrium, providing at least some oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation. Option A) The patent ductus arteriosus is not the correct answer because this structure typically shunts blood away from the lungs in fetal circulation, which is the opposite of what is needed in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Option B) A ventricular septal defect is unlikely to provide sufficient oxygenated blood to the systemic circulation in this condition, as it allows mixing of blood between the two ventricles rather than ensuring oxygenated blood reaches the body. Option C) The closure of the foramen ovale is not the correct answer because this structure is responsible for shunting blood between the atria in fetal circulation and is not sufficient to provide oxygenated blood to the body in hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Educationally, understanding the physiology of congenital heart defects like hypoplastic left heart syndrome is crucial for pediatric nurses to provide safe and effective care to these vulnerable patients. Recognizing the impact of specific cardiac anomalies on oxygenation and circulation helps nurses anticipate complications and intervene appropriately to optimize outcomes for these infants.
Question 3 of 5
A male client with heart failure (HF) calls the clinic and reports that he cannot put his shoes on because they are too tight. Which additional information should the nurse obtain?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is B) Has his weight changed in the last several days? The nurse should obtain information about the client's weight changes because in heart failure, sudden weight gain can be indicative of fluid retention, a common symptom of worsening HF. Monitoring weight is crucial in managing HF as it helps in assessing fluid status and adjusting medications accordingly to prevent exacerbations. Option A) What time did he take his last medications? While medication adherence is important, in this case, the client's symptom is more indicative of fluid retention rather than medication timing. Option C) Is he still able to tighten his belt buckle? This option is not directly related to the symptom of tight shoes and does not provide relevant information about the client's current condition. Option D) How many hours did he sleep last night? While sleep is important, it is not the priority in this situation where the client is experiencing symptoms of possible fluid retention. Educationally, this question highlights the importance of recognizing and assessing symptoms of heart failure exacerbation, emphasizing the significance of monitoring weight changes in HF patients as part of their ongoing care and management.
Question 4 of 5
What information should the nurse include in the teaching plan of a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the teaching plan for a client diagnosed with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), including information on minimizing symptoms by wearing loose, comfortable clothing (option C) is crucial because tight clothing can exacerbate GERD symptoms by putting pressure on the abdomen and lower esophageal sphincter. Option A, sleeping without pillows at night to maintain neck alignment, is incorrect for GERD management because elevating the head of the bed is recommended to prevent acid reflux. Option B, adjusting food intake to three full meals per day and no snacks, is incorrect as it goes against the dietary recommendations for GERD, which include having smaller, more frequent meals and avoiding triggers like spicy foods and caffeine. Option D, avoiding participation in any aerobic exercise programs, is also incorrect as regular exercise is beneficial for managing GERD by promoting weight loss and reducing stress. Educationally, understanding the rationale behind lifestyle modifications for GERD is essential for nurses to provide comprehensive patient education and promote optimal management of the condition. By explaining the impact of clothing choices on GERD symptoms, nurses can empower clients to make informed decisions to improve their quality of life.
Question 5 of 5
A male client who had colon surgery 3 days ago is anxious and requesting assistance to reposition. While the nurse is turning him, the wound dehiscences and eviscerates. The nurse moistens an available sterile dressing and places it over the wound. What intervention should the nurse implement next?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct intervention is to prepare the client to return to the operating room (Option B). When a wound dehiscence occurs with evisceration, it is a surgical emergency that requires immediate intervention to prevent further complications such as infection, further tissue damage, or potential sepsis. Returning the client to the operating room allows for proper assessment, wound closure, and management by the surgical team. Option A (Bring additional sterile dressing supplies to the room) is incorrect because just applying more dressings without addressing the underlying surgical emergency is inadequate and may delay appropriate treatment. Option C (Obtain a sample of the drainage to send to the lab) is also incorrect as it focuses on collecting a sample rather than addressing the immediate surgical issue. Option D (Auscultate the abdomen for bowel sound activity) is not the priority in this critical situation where prompt surgical intervention is required. From an educational perspective, this scenario highlights the importance of recognizing and responding to postoperative complications promptly in a healthcare setting. Nurses need to be trained to identify surgical emergencies like wound dehiscence and evisceration and understand the appropriate steps to take to ensure patient safety and optimal outcomes. This case underscores the critical nature of surgical wound care and the necessity of immediate action when faced with such complications in a clinical setting.