ATI RN
Pediatric Nursing Cardiovascular NCLEX Practice Quiz Questions
Question 1 of 5
The clinic nurse reviews the record of a child just seen by the health care provider and diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis. The nurse expects to note documentation of which clinical manifestation specifically found in this disorder?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In the case of a child diagnosed with suspected aortic stenosis, the nurse would expect to note documentation of exercise intolerance as a specific clinical manifestation. Aortic stenosis is a condition characterized by narrowing of the aortic valve, leading to decreased cardiac output and poor perfusion to the body. This results in the child experiencing difficulty in engaging in physical activities and showing signs of exercise intolerance due to the heart's inability to meet the body's increased demand for oxygen during exertion. Option A, pallor, is a non-specific finding that can occur in various health conditions and is not specifically associated with aortic stenosis. Option B, hyperactivity, is unrelated to the pathophysiology of aortic stenosis and would not be a typical manifestation of this disorder. Option D, gastrointestinal disturbances, are also not commonly associated with aortic stenosis. Educationally, understanding the clinical manifestations of pediatric cardiovascular disorders is crucial for nurses caring for children with such conditions. Recognizing specific signs and symptoms can aid in early identification, prompt intervention, and improved outcomes for pediatric patients with cardiovascular issues. By mastering these concepts, nurses can provide comprehensive care and support to pediatric patients with aortic stenosis and other cardiovascular conditions.
Question 2 of 5
A 3-year-old child diagnosed with congestive heart failure is receiving maintenance doses of digoxin and furosemide (Lasix). She is rubbing her eyes when she is looking at the lights in the room and her heart rate is 65 beats per minute. The nurse expects which laboratory finding?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct answer is A) Hypokalemia. When a patient is on digoxin and furosemide (Lasix), both medications can lead to potassium loss through different mechanisms. Digoxin toxicity is more likely to occur in the presence of hypokalemia as potassium is essential for proper cardiac function. The child's symptoms of visual disturbances and bradycardia are indicative of digoxin toxicity, which is exacerbated by low potassium levels. Now, let's analyze why the other options are incorrect: B) Hypomagnesemia: While hypomagnesemia can also potentiate digoxin toxicity, the symptoms presented in the child are more indicative of hypokalemia. C) Hypocalcemia: Hypocalcemia can cause muscle cramps and tetany but is not directly related to the symptoms described in the child. D) Hypophosphatemia: While furosemide can lead to phosphorus wasting, the symptoms and presentation in the child are more suggestive of hypokalemia in this case. Educationally, understanding the electrolyte imbalances associated with specific medications is crucial in pediatric nursing, especially when managing conditions like congestive heart failure. Monitoring and addressing electrolyte levels are essential to prevent complications and ensure optimal patient outcomes.
Question 3 of 5
The parents of a child, age 6, who will begin school in the fall ask the nurse for anticipatory guidance. The nurse should explain that a child of this age:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C) Is highly sensitive to criticism. A child at the age of 6 is in the stage of development where they are beginning to develop a sense of self and are sensitive to criticism. Providing anticipatory guidance to the parents on this aspect is crucial for understanding the child's emotional and psychological needs. Option A) Still depends on the parents is incorrect because by the age of 6, children are starting to gain more independence and autonomy. Option B) Rebels against scheduled activities is not typically characteristic of a 6-year-old child. They may resist at times, but it is not a defining trait. Option D) Loves to tattle is also not a typical behavior for a 6-year-old. While children at this age may engage in tattling, it is not a universal behavior. In an educational context, understanding the emotional and developmental stages of children is essential for pediatric nurses. Providing anticipatory guidance to parents helps them support their child's growth and development effectively. By knowing what to expect at different ages, parents can better navigate challenges and nurture their child's well-being.
Question 4 of 5
A parent brings a toddler, age 19 months, to the clinic for a regular check-up. When palpating the toddler’s fontanels, what should the nurse expects to find?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, understanding fontanel assessment is crucial as it provides valuable information about an infant's intracranial pressure and brain development. In this case, the correct answer is C) Closed anterior and posterior fontanels for a 19-month-old toddler. The anterior fontanel typically closes around 18 months of age, which is consistent with the child's age in this scenario. The closure of the anterior fontanel indicates proper brain growth and development. The posterior fontanel, located at the back of the head, closes much earlier in infancy. Option A) Closed anterior fontanel and open posterior fontanel is incorrect because the posterior fontanel should be closed by this age. Option B) Open anterior fontanel and closed posterior fontanel is also incorrect as both fontanels should be closed at 19 months. Option D) Open anterior and posterior fontanels is incorrect as both fontanels should be closed in a toddler of 19 months. Understanding fontanel closure timelines is essential in pediatric nursing to monitor normal growth and development, identify abnormalities early, and provide appropriate care and interventions.
Question 5 of 5
Nurse Roy is administering total parental nutrition (TPN) through a peripheral I.V. line to a school-age child. What’s the smallest amount of glucose that’s considered safe and not caustic to small veins, while also providing adequate TPN?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In pediatric nursing, administering TPN through a peripheral I.V. line requires careful consideration of the glucose concentration to prevent vein irritation or damage. The correct answer is B) 10% glucose because it is the smallest concentration that provides adequate nutrition without causing irritation to small veins. Option A) 5% glucose is too dilute to provide sufficient TPN support, especially for a school-age child who may have higher nutritional needs. Option C) 15% and D) 17% glucose concentrations are too concentrated and can be caustic to small veins, leading to phlebitis or thrombophlebitis. Educationally, understanding the appropriate glucose concentration for TPN in pediatric patients is crucial for safe and effective nursing practice. Nurses must be aware of the potential complications of incorrect glucose concentrations to ensure optimal patient outcomes. This knowledge helps in providing quality care and preventing harm to pediatric patients receiving TPN through peripheral lines.