The client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is experiencing exacerbation of the disease. The nurse would determine that which of the following documented in the client's record is an expected finding with this client?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hyperinflation of lungs documented by chest x-ray. In COPD exacerbation, the airways become inflamed and narrowed, leading to air trapping and hyperinflation of the lungs. This is evidenced on chest x-ray by increased lung volume and flattened diaphragms due to overinflation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in COPD exacerbation, oxygen saturation typically decreases with ambulation due to impaired gas exchange, a widened diaphragm is not a typical finding on chest x-ray in COPD exacerbation, and a shortened expiratory phase is more commonly seen in obstructive lung diseases like asthma rather than COPD exacerbation.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: conducting health assessments. Nurses in physician offices play a crucial role in assessing patients' health status, collecting vital signs, conducting physical exams, and gathering medical history. This responsibility enables them to provide essential information to the physician for diagnosis and treatment planning. Prescribing medications (choice A) is typically the responsibility of physicians, not nurses. Performing minor surgery (choice C) requires specialized training and usually falls under the scope of practice of surgeons or other healthcare providers. Making independent home visits (choice D) may not be a typical responsibility of nurses in physician offices, as their primary role is to assist with patient care within the office setting.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B because respecting patients' values and beliefs is essential in providing culturally sensitive care. This fosters trust and promotes effective communication and understanding. Ignoring differences (A) can lead to misunderstandings and ineffective care. Convincing patients to change beliefs (C) is unethical and disrespectful. Refusing care (D) goes against the nursing code of ethics and denies patients access to care based on their cultural or religious backgrounds. Respecting diversity is crucial in delivering patient-centered care.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: diagnosing. In the nursing process, diagnosing involves analyzing assessment data to identify actual and potential health problems. In this scenario, the nurse is identifying a potential issue with normal growth and development based on assessment findings. Assessing (A) is the data collection step, planning (C) involves developing interventions, and implementing (D) is the action step. Diagnosing is the appropriate step to identify the specific problem and guide the care plan.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: may be up as desired. "Up ad lib" means the patient can be up and moving around as much as they feel comfortable or desire. This implies freedom of movement and no restrictions on physical activity. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they impose specific limitations on the patient's activity level, which contradicts the meaning of "up ad lib."