Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Melena (black, tarry stools) can be an indication of a duodenal ulcer.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Clinical signs and symptoms or portal hypertension are identical to those of heart failure and include jugular vein distention, lung crackles, and decreased perfusion to all organs. Initially, the client may have hypertension, flushed skin, and a bounding pulse.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: increasing fluid intake to prevent dehydration. An ileostomy typically drains liquid waste, so the client is at risk of fluid loss. By increasing fluid intake, the client can prevent dehydration. It's essential for the client to wear a collection appliance at all times because ileostomy drainage is incontinent. Consuming a low-protein, high-fiber diet is not recommended as high-fiber foods can cause intestinal irritation. Enteric-coated medications should be avoided because they may not be absorbed properly after an ileostomy.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Eating small, frequent meals helps prevent esophageal reflux.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Assessment for complications should be the main focus of nursing management for a client hospitalized for cholecystitis.