The client is toxic on heparin. What can the nurse do to counteract this?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Give Protamine. Protamine is the antidote for heparin toxicity as it reverses its anticoagulant effects by forming a stable complex with heparin. Vitamin K (A) is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, not heparin. Warfarin (C) is another anticoagulant and would not be effective in counteracting heparin toxicity. Platelets (D) are not used to counteract heparin toxicity but may be indicated if the client is experiencing thrombocytopenia due to heparin-induced thrombocytopenia.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: Rationale: Tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) promotes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin, which breaks down blood clots. Plasmin is an enzyme that dissolves fibrin, the protein meshwork that forms blood clots. This action helps in thrombolysis, which is the breakdown of blood clots. The other options are incorrect because TPA does not prevent platelet activation (Choice A), inactivate clotting factors (Choice B), or block the synthesis of clotting factors (Choice D). TPA specifically targets the breakdown of blood clots by promoting the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dyazide. Dyazide is a combination of two diuretics, hydrochlorothiazide, and triamterene, commonly used to treat hypertension by reducing blood volume and lowering blood pressure. Hydrochlorothiazide works by increasing urination to remove excess fluid and salt from the body, thus reducing blood volume and pressure. Triamterene helps maintain potassium levels. Metformin (B) is used to treat diabetes, not hypertension. Digoxin (C) is used to treat heart conditions. Warfarin (D) is an anticoagulant used to prevent blood clots, not to lower blood pressure.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regular sinus rhythm. Sinus rhythm is characterized by a normal heart rate and regular rhythm originating from the sinoatrial (SA) node. In this ECG strip, there are consistent P waves preceding each QRS complex, indicating normal atrial depolarization and a regular ventricular response. The QRS complexes are also narrow, suggesting a normal conduction pathway. Sinus tachycardia (choice A) would show a fast heart rate, sinus bradycardia (choice C) would show a slow heart rate, and frequent premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) (choice D) would show irregular heartbeats with wide QRS complexes.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ventricular tachycardia. In this scenario, the client experiencing several PVCs in a row indicates a rapid heart rate originating from the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by three or more consecutive PVCs at a rate exceeding 100 beats per minute. It is a serious arrhythmia that can be life-threatening if sustained. The other choices (A, C, and D) are incorrect because frequent PVCs do not necessarily indicate a specific rhythm, atrial tachycardia originates in the atria, and supraventricular tachycardia involves rapid heart rates originating above the ventricles.