The client is toxic on heparin. What can the nurse do to counteract this?

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Give Protamine. Protamine is the specific antidote for heparin overdose as it binds to heparin molecules, neutralizing its anticoagulant effects. Vitamin K (A) is used to reverse the effects of warfarin, not heparin. Warfarin (C) is another anticoagulant and should not be given to counteract heparin toxicity. Platelets (D) are used to treat bleeding caused by low platelet count, not heparin toxicity. Therefore, giving Protamine is the appropriate intervention in this scenario.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) promotes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, the protein that forms blood clots. This mechanism helps dissolve blood clots, making it effective in treating conditions like stroke or heart attack caused by blood clots. Choice A is incorrect because TPA does not directly affect platelets, but instead targets the breakdown of clots. Choice B is incorrect as TPA does not work by inactivating clotting factors, but rather enhances clot breakdown. Choice D is incorrect because TPA does not block the synthesis of clotting factors, but rather enhances the breakdown of existing clots.

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Dyazide. Dyazide is a combination medication of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene, which are diuretics that help lower blood pressure by reducing fluid retention and decreasing blood volume. Metformin is primarily used for diabetes, Digoxin for heart conditions, and Warfarin for blood clotting. Therefore, only Dyazide directly affects blood pressure by targeting fluid balance.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regular sinus rhythm. This ECG tracing shows a normal sinus rhythm with regular P waves preceding each QRS complex. The P waves are upright and consistent in morphology, indicating they originate from the SA node. The QRS complexes are narrow and follow a consistent pattern, demonstrating normal conduction through the AV node and ventricles. Sinus tachycardia (choice A) would show an elevated heart rate, sinus bradycardia (choice C) would show a slower heart rate, and frequent PVCs (choice D) would display premature and abnormal beats unrelated to the sinus node.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ventricular tachycardia. This is because when several PVCs occur in a row on an EKG, it indicates an abnormal rhythm originating from the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by a rapid heart rate originating in the ventricles. A: Frequent PVCs is incorrect because it does not specify the specific rhythm pattern seen in the EKG. C: Atrial tachycardia is incorrect because the PVCs originate from the ventricles, not the atria. D: Supraventricular tachycardia is incorrect because it refers to rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles, typically in the atria or AV node.