ATI RN
Med Surg Cardiovascular Practice Questions Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client is to be given warfarin. What is a contraindication to giving this drug?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Thrombocytosis. Warfarin is an anticoagulant that works by inhibiting clotting factors. Thrombocytosis, an elevated platelet count, increases the risk of clot formation, so giving warfarin can further increase the risk of bleeding. Mild thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) is a contraindication but not as severe as thrombocytosis. Lumbar puncture and history of eye surgery are not direct contraindications to warfarin use.
Question 2 of 5
The client is taking gemfibrozil. What drug-drug interaction does the nurse tell the client about?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because gemfibrozil can potentiate the hypoglycemic effect of sulfonylurea drugs, leading to low blood sugar levels. This interaction is important to prevent hypoglycemia in patients taking both medications. Other choices are incorrect because gemfibrozil does not significantly affect digoxin levels (A), theophylline levels (C), or interact with cimetidine (D) in a clinically significant manner.
Question 3 of 5
The nurse is assessing the client’s aortic valve. Where is the stethoscope placed to best hear the aortic valve?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Second intercostal space to the right of the sternum. This is where the aortic valve can best be auscultated. Step-by-step rationale: 1. The aortic valve is located in the second intercostal space on the right side of the sternum. 2. Placing the stethoscope at this location allows for optimal sound transmission of the aortic valve. 3. This area corresponds to the anatomical location of the aortic valve, making it the most accurate site for assessment. Summary of other choices: B: Second intercostal space to the left of the sternum - Incorrect as the aortic valve is on the right side. C: Fourth intercostal space to the left of the sternum - Incorrect, as this is the location for the mitral valve. D: Fifth intercostal space in the midclavicular line - Incorrect, as this is the location for the mitral valve.
Question 4 of 5
The client has an EKG showing a gradually lengthening PR interval and a dropped QRS at the longest PR interval. What rhythm does the client have?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, Third degree AV block. In this condition, there is complete dissociation between the atria and ventricles, leading to a gradual lengthening of the PR interval and eventual dropped QRS complex. This indicates that the atria and ventricles are beating independently. Type 2 second degree AV block (B) presents with intermittent dropped QRS complexes without PR interval prolongation. Type 1 second degree AV block (C) displays a progressive prolongation of the PR interval until a dropped QRS complex occurs. Junctional escape rhythm (D) would not be consistent with the EKG findings of a gradually lengthening PR interval.
Question 5 of 5
The nurse is admitting a patient who has chest pain. Which assessment data suggest that the pain is caused by an acute myocardial infarction (AMI)?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because chest pain lasting longer than 30 minutes is a hallmark symptom of an acute myocardial infarction (AMI). This prolonged duration indicates potential heart tissue damage. Choice A is incorrect as pain worsening with deep breathing is more indicative of musculoskeletal issues. Choice C is incorrect as relief with nitroglycerin suggests angina, not AMI. Choice D is incorrect as reproducible pain with arm movement is more indicative of musculoskeletal issues.