The client is taking tissue plasminogen activator (TPA). The nurse knows that the mechanism of action of this drug is what?

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) promotes the conversion of plasminogen to plasmin. Plasmin is an enzyme that breaks down fibrin, the protein that forms blood clots. This mechanism helps dissolve blood clots, making it effective in treating conditions like stroke or heart attack caused by blood clots. Choice A is incorrect because TPA does not directly affect platelets, but instead targets the breakdown of clots. Choice B is incorrect as TPA does not work by inactivating clotting factors, but rather enhances clot breakdown. Choice D is incorrect because TPA does not block the synthesis of clotting factors, but rather enhances the breakdown of existing clots.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Regular sinus rhythm. This ECG tracing shows a normal sinus rhythm with regular P waves preceding each QRS complex. The P waves are upright and consistent in morphology, indicating they originate from the SA node. The QRS complexes are narrow and follow a consistent pattern, demonstrating normal conduction through the AV node and ventricles. Sinus tachycardia (choice A) would show an elevated heart rate, sinus bradycardia (choice C) would show a slower heart rate, and frequent PVCs (choice D) would display premature and abnormal beats unrelated to the sinus node.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Ventricular tachycardia. This is because when several PVCs occur in a row on an EKG, it indicates an abnormal rhythm originating from the ventricles. Ventricular tachycardia is characterized by a rapid heart rate originating in the ventricles. A: Frequent PVCs is incorrect because it does not specify the specific rhythm pattern seen in the EKG. C: Atrial tachycardia is incorrect because the PVCs originate from the ventricles, not the atria. D: Supraventricular tachycardia is incorrect because it refers to rapid heart rhythms originating above the ventricles, typically in the atria or AV node.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: Step 1: Carvedilol is a beta-blocker used to treat high blood pressure, heart failure, and prevent anginal episodes. Step 2: Suddenly stopping carvedilol can lead to rebound hypertension and worsening of heart condition. Step 3: Choice B indicates understanding of the importance of continuous use to prevent adverse effects. Step 4: Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they do not reflect the mechanism or effects of carvedilol. Summary: Choice B is correct as it demonstrates knowledge of the importance of not abruptly discontinuing carvedilol to avoid potential harm. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they provide inaccurate information regarding carvedilol's effects.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because the patient correctly demonstrates understanding of the correct administration of nitroglycerin. Sitting down before taking sublingual nitroglycerin helps maximize absorption and prevent dizziness due to rapid vasodilation. Choice A is incorrect as checking pulse rate is not essential for nitrate administration. Choice B is incorrect as the nitroglycerin patch should not be applied prophylactically but in response to chest pain. Choice D is incorrect as the sublingual nitroglycerin should be taken first in case of angina, and then the patch can be removed after assessing the patient's condition.