ATI RN
Intro to Pharmacology ATI Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client is receiving warfarin (Coumadin) for a deep vein thrombosis. Which food should the nurse instruct the client to avoid in large amounts?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Warfarin, an anticoagulant, inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Spinach is high in vitamin K, which can counteract warfarin's effect, reducing its efficacy and increasing clot risk if consumed in large amounts. The nurse must instruct avoidance to maintain therapeutic INR levels. Potatoes and bananas have minimal vitamin K and don't significantly affect warfarin. Chicken is protein-rich, not vitamin K-rich, posing no issue. Consistent vitamin K intake is key, but large amounts of spinach could destabilize anticoagulation, risking thrombus progression. This aligns with warfarin's pharmacodynamics, where dietary education prevents therapeutic failure. Potatoes, bananas, and chicken lack this interaction, making spinach the priority to limit. Thus, A is the correct choice, ensuring the client understands how to support treatment efficacy and safety through diet management.
Question 2 of 5
The following drugs undergo phase II metabolism by hepatic acetylation enzymes (N-acetyltransferases):
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
Question 3 of 5
Methotrexate is a folate antagonist. It inhibits enzymes required for DNA base synthesis. To prevent harm to normal cells, a fully activated form of folic acid known as leucovorin (folinic acid; citrovorum
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Administration of leucovorin in the context of methotrexate treatment is known as rescue therapy. Leucovorin is used as a rescue agent to reduce the toxicity of methotrexate on normal cells. By providing leucovorin, which is a fully activated form of folic acid, the body can bypass the inhibition caused by methotrexate and continue with DNA base synthesis. This helps protect healthy cells and tissues from the toxic effects of methotrexate while allowing the chemotherapy to target and kill cancer cells. Rescue therapy with leucovorin is typically timed to occur after methotrexate administration to maximize its protective effects on normal cells.
Question 4 of 5
The nurse is reviewing the orders for a patient and notes a new order for an angiotensin-
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, a type of angiotensin inhibitor, may have a serious interaction with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). When used together, they may reduce the effectiveness of the ACE inhibitor in lowering blood pressure and could potentially lead to decreased kidney function. It is important for the nurse to be aware of this interaction and monitor the patient closely for any adverse effects when these medications are used concurrently.
Question 5 of 5
A patient is started on a diuretic for antihypertensive therapy. The nurse expects that a drug in which class is likely to be used initially?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thiazide diuretics are commonly used as first-line therapy for hypertension. They are effective in reducing blood pressure by promoting diuresis and decreasing plasma volume. Thiazide diuretics work by inhibiting sodium and chloride reabsorption in the distal convoluted tubule of the nephron, leading to increased excretion of water and electrolytes. This helps to reduce blood volume and subsequently lower blood pressure. Thiazide diuretics are generally well-tolerated and effective, making them a preferred choice for initial antihypertensive therapy.