ATI RN
Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client is having a routine EKG. What should the nurse do as a priority intervention?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tell the client to remain motionless. This is the priority intervention during an EKG to ensure accurate results. Movement can cause artifacts, leading to inaccurate readings. Choice A is incorrect as pain is not a significant concern during an EKG. Choice C is incorrect as time duration is not the priority. Choice D is incorrect as shaving the chest is not necessary for a routine EKG.
Question 2 of 5
Three days after experiencing a myocardial infarction (MI), a patient who is scheduled for discharge asks for assistance with hygiene activities, saying, “I am too nervous about my heart to be alone while I get washed up.” Based on this information, which nursing diagnosis is appropriate?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Anxiety related to change in health status. The patient's statement indicates fear and nervousness about their heart health, which aligns with anxiety. Activity intolerance (A) is not supported as the patient is seeking assistance for hygiene, not physical activity. Denial (C) is not appropriate as the patient acknowledges their nervousness about the heart. Altered body image (D) is not relevant based on the information provided.
Question 3 of 5
Which electrocardiographic (ECG) change is most important for the nurse to report to the health care provider when caring for a patient with chest pain?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: ST-segment elevation. This ECG change is crucial to report because it indicates myocardial injury, often seen in acute myocardial infarction (heart attack). It requires immediate medical attention to prevent further damage to the heart. Inverted P wave (A) is commonly seen in conditions like atrial enlargement and is not typically associated with acute cardiac events. Sinus tachycardia (B) is a normal response to stress or physical activity and may not necessarily indicate a serious issue. First-degree atrioventricular block (D) is a relatively benign condition that usually does not require urgent intervention. In summary, ST-segment elevation is the most concerning ECG change due to its association with acute myocardial infarction, requiring prompt medical intervention.
Question 4 of 5
A patient with diabetes mellitus and chronic stable angina has a new order for captopril . The nurse should teach the patient that the primary purpose of captopril is to
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: prevent changes in heart muscle. Captopril is an ACE inhibitor that helps prevent remodeling of the heart muscle in patients with conditions like chronic stable angina and diabetes mellitus. This drug does not directly affect heart rate (A), blood glucose levels (B), or the frequency of chest pain (D). By inhibiting the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, captopril can reduce the strain on the heart and prevent adverse changes in heart structure and function over time. This is crucial in managing conditions like chronic stable angina and diabetes mellitus to prevent complications such as heart failure.
Question 5 of 5
A nurse is performing discharge teaching for a client with PVD. The nurse should teach the client to:
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: inspect his feet weekly. This is important for clients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) to detect any signs of infection or injury early. Choice B is beneficial for improving circulation but not specific to PVD. Choice C, wearing constrictive clothing, can further restrict blood flow and worsen PVD symptoms. Choice D, standing rather than sitting, can increase pressure on the legs and worsen symptoms of PVD. Therefore, regular foot inspections are the most appropriate teaching for a client with PVD.