The client is given an alpha agonist. What might it be used for?

Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: For hemostasis. Alpha agonists, such as epinephrine or norepinephrine, are used for hemostasis by inducing vasoconstriction at the site of bleeding, which helps in stopping the bleeding. Option B is incorrect because alpha agonists actually cause vasoconstriction and do not dilate arteries. Option C is incorrect because alpha agonists do not dilate veins. Option D is incorrect because alpha agonists increase afterload by causing vasoconstriction.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Organic nitrates. Organic nitrates are vasodilators that help dilate blood vessels, reducing the workload of the heart and improving blood flow to the heart muscle, thus relieving angina symptoms. Digoxin (A) is used for heart failure and arrhythmias, not angina. Adenosine (C) is used for supraventricular tachycardia, not angina. Beta blockers (D) are also used for angina, but organic nitrates are the first-line treatment due to their rapid onset of action in relieving angina symptoms.

Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C because heparin works by inactivating clotting factors, specifically by enhancing the activity of antithrombin III which in turn inhibits thrombin and factor Xa. This mechanism prevents the formation of fibrin clots. A: Incorrect. Heparin does not act as an antiplatelet drug; it primarily affects clotting factors. B: Incorrect. Heparin does not directly decrease the synthesis of clotting factors. D: Incorrect. Heparin does not directly promote the lysis of fibrin; it prevents the formation of fibrin clots.

Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Monitor the INR. The International Normalized Ratio (INR) is crucial for monitoring warfarin therapy as it assesses the client's clotting time. INR values within the therapeutic range indicate the efficacy and safety of warfarin. Monitoring blood pressure (A) is important but not a priority for warfarin therapy. Monitoring vitamin K level (B) is unnecessary as warfarin inhibits vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. Monitoring warfarin level (C) is not routinely done as INR is a more accurate reflection of its effect.

Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Streptokinase. Streptokinase is a thrombolytic medication that works by activating plasminogen to convert into plasmin, which then digests the fibrin network in a blood clot. Heparin (A) and Warfarin (C) are anticoagulants that prevent blood clots but do not directly digest fibrin. Ticlid (D) is an antiplatelet medication that inhibits platelet aggregation, not fibrin digestion.