ATI RN
ATI RN Pharmacology Online Practice 2019 A Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client has MRSA and receives vancomycin (Vancocin) intravenously (IV). The nurse assesses an upper body rash and decreased urine output. What is the nurse's priority action?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic, is critical for treating MRSA but carries risks of hypersensitivity reactions (e.g., rashes) and nephrotoxicity (e.g., reduced urine output). The nurse's priority when observing an upper body rash and decreased urine output is to hold the next dose and notify the physician . This action prevents further drug administration that could worsen a potential allergic reaction or kidney damage, both serious adverse effects requiring immediate medical evaluation. An X-ray might assess lung involvement in severe cases but isn't the first step for these symptoms. An antihistamine could treat mild itching but risks masking a systemic reaction, delaying critical care. A urine specimen might confirm renal issues but doesn't address the urgency of stopping the drug. Holding the dose ensures patient safety while awaiting physician guidance, aligning with nursing protocols for adverse drug reactions, making A the most prudent and timely action.
Question 2 of 5
A prenatal patient tells the nurse that she is not taking vitamins because she heard that vitamins may cause damage to the fetus if she becomes pregnant. What is the nurse's best response?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: While vitamins are generally beneficial during pregnancy, excessive doses (megadoses) can be harmful, especially in the first trimester. The nurse should emphasize the importance of taking vitamins at recommended levels and avoiding excessive supplementation. Taking extra vitamins (B) is not advised, and doses above the RDA (D) should be avoided unless prescribed.
Question 3 of 5
What is the unlabeled use for Propranolol?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: While Propranolol is commonly used to treat conditions such as hypertension and certain heart-related issues, it is also used off-label for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Propranolol has shown efficacy in reducing the intensity of emotional memories and symptoms associated with PTSD by blocking the effects of stress hormones. It is believed to help alleviate symptoms such as anxiety and hyperarousal in individuals with PTSD. However, it is important to note that the off-label use of Propranolol for PTSD should only be done under the guidance and supervision of a healthcare professional.
Question 4 of 5
Antilipemic drug therapy is prescribed for a patient, and the nurse is providing instructions to the patient about the medication. Which instructions will the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A. Limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload: Antilipemic drugs can sometimes cause fluid retention, so it is important for the patient to limit fluid intake to prevent fluid overload.
Question 5 of 5
Regarding inhaled anaesthetics:
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Nitrous oxide has a high minimum alveolar concentration (MAC >100%), not low, due to low potency, so that's false. Halogenated agents (e.g., isoflurane) have higher brain:blood coefficients, reflecting solubility, making that false. They reduce mean arterial pressure (MAP) proportional to alveolar concentration via vasodilation, a true statement. Nitrous oxide does decrease tidal volume and increase respiratory rate, true. They don't reduce cerebral metabolic rate via blood flow alone but directly. MAP reduction is a key hemodynamic effect, guiding anesthetic depth monitoring.