ATI RN
ATI Med Surg Cardiovascular Test Bank Questions
Question 1 of 5
The client has an IV and is experiencing tissue necrosis at the site of the IV. What drug might be causing this?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: An alpha agonist. Alpha agonists can cause vasoconstriction, leading to reduced blood flow to tissues and potential tissue necrosis at the IV site. Digoxin (A) affects the heart, not blood vessels. Beta blockers (C) and calcium channel blockers (D) do not typically cause tissue necrosis.
Question 2 of 5
The client has been prescribed an organic nitrate for angina. What affect does this class of drugs have on the heart?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Decreases preload. Organic nitrates work by dilating veins, which results in decreased venous return to the heart, leading to reduced preload. This reduces the workload on the heart and oxygen demand, helping to relieve angina symptoms. Incorrect choices: B: Increases afterload - Organic nitrates do not increase afterload. They primarily affect preload by dilating veins. C: Constricts arterioles - Organic nitrates actually dilate arterioles, leading to decreased systemic vascular resistance. D: Increases preload - Organic nitrates decrease preload by dilating veins, resulting in decreased venous return to the heart.
Question 3 of 5
The client is taking IV heparin. The nurse will want to look out for what adverse reaction of the drug?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Thrombocytopenia. Heparin can cause a decrease in platelet count, leading to thrombocytopenia. This can increase the risk of bleeding. Pulmonary embolism (A) and deep vein thrombosis (B) are conditions that heparin is used to prevent, not adverse reactions. Neutropenia (D) is a decrease in neutrophils, which is not a common adverse reaction of heparin. Therefore, the nurse should monitor for thrombocytopenia as an adverse reaction when the client is taking IV heparin.
Question 4 of 5
The client is being given Pradaxa (dabigatran). The nurse knows that the mechanism of action of this drug is what?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale for choice B: 1. Pradaxa is a direct thrombin inhibitor. 2. Thrombin is a key enzyme in the blood clotting process. 3. By directly inhibiting thrombin, Pradaxa prevents the formation of blood clots. 4. This mechanism differs from antiplatelet drugs (A), fibrinolytic medications (C), and clotting factor production interference (D). Summary: - Choice A is incorrect as Pradaxa does not affect platelets directly. - Choice C is incorrect as Pradaxa does not promote the breakdown of clots like fibrinolytics. - Choice D is incorrect as Pradaxa does not interfere with the production of clotting factors.
Question 5 of 5
The client is on streptokinase for a blood clot. What adverse reaction should the nurse be looking out for?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Antibody production against the streptokinase. Streptokinase is a foreign protein that can trigger an immune response leading to the production of antibodies. This can result in an allergic reaction or anaphylaxis. Pulmonary embolism (choice A) and acute myocardial infarction (choice B) are not adverse reactions specific to streptokinase. Acute gastric irritation (choice D) is also not a common adverse reaction of streptokinase therapy.